Existence of Subsonic Flow in Divergent Section Adjacent to Throat of a Convergent-Divergent Nozzle for Actual Flow

Abstract

In this study, a mathematical analysis by considering the effect of an actual index of expansion clearly shows a persistent of the existence of subsonic flow after the throat to a down stream in the region of divergent part to produce a supersonic velocity at the exit of a convergent-divergent nozzle. The length of the divergent part where subsonic velocity found is dependent upon the magnitude of the nozzle efficiency and the actual index of expansion. The change in velocity from subsonic, sonic and supersonic occurs only in the divergent part while the corresponding frictionless behavior has the classical features (subsonic in the convergent, sonic at the throat, and supersonic in the divergent). This is mainly due to thermodynamic processes which result a change in enthalpy due to friction and a gain in entropy. The reference conditions are newly derived for an actual frictional flow condition. This design aspect differs in a physical manner corresponding to that from an isentropic flow. An actual nozzle shape for convergent-divergent nozzles is also investigated under a nonisentropic flow condition.

Fracture Morphology Influencing Supersonic CO2 Transport: Application in Geologic CO2 Sequestration

“…(2022) who conducted microchannel flow experiments. In addition, B. Kundu and Lee (2018) and Xu and Zhao (2007) noted that the flow through the CD nozzle affected by friction developed the boundary layer at the wall and reduced the nozzle efficiency owing to the enthalpy change in the expansion process. After passing the throat center, A n reached the local maximum, and then, Ma decreased.…”

“…In addition, B. Kundu and Lee (2018) and Xu and Zhao (2007) local maximum, and then, Ma decreased. However, due to the fracture roughness, A n changed to a positive value again, leading to the generation of Peak C (Ma = 0.77 at 2.01 mm).…”