“…The notion of exact penalization was introduced by Eremin [7] and Zangwill [8] for use in the development of algorithms for nonlinear constrained optimization. Since that time exact penalty functions have continued to play a key role in the theory of mathematical programming [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. For more discussions and various applications of exact penalization to various constrained optimization problems see [1,2,4,6].…”