Existence of Cl in municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash and dechlorination effect of thermal treatment

Evaluation of the Elemental Composition of Municipal Solid Waste Bottom Ash: A New Methodology for Sample Preparation

“…It should be noted that each 0.1% by mass (dry base) of chlorine in fuels, 100 ppm (by volume) of chlorine are formed in the gas phase (GRAMMELIS, 2011;MA, 2010apud GALLEGO et al, 2014MAGDZIARZ et al, 2016;SPLIETHOFF, 2010). Yang et al (2014) point out that the percentage of Cl has a significant variation in bottom ash from incinerated waste, corresponding to 0.2-5%, which corroborates with the values determined in this work, except for the fraction of sanitary waste (Table 2). Table 3 shows the oxides formed from the elements present in the evaluated combustible fractions.…”

Immobilization and volume reduction of heavy metals in municipal solid waste fly ash using nano-size calcium and iron-dispersed reagent

“…It can reduce waste mass by 70% and volume by up to 90% while generating electricity from the combustion of waste. The amounts of ash produced are increasing because of the increasing number of incineration plants in Japan (Yang et al, 2014). The waste generated from MSW incineration is usually used in one of two ways: disposed as landfill or for reuse as secondary raw materials.…”

“…Generally, MSW incineration produces two types of ash: bottom ash and fly ash (FA) , which is defined as the particulate residue collected from incinerator flue gases using state-of-the-art air pollution control devices Yang et al, 2014). That ash residue might be regarded as comprising two phases: a carryover phase and a condensed phase (Boghetich et al, 2005).…”

“…Reduced species, such as Zn, are more readily evaporated than the initial oxide species. During cooling, and in a high oxygen environment, secondary reactions occur in which the newly reduced species revert to the original refractory compounds and condense Yang et al, 2014).…”

Effect of different sulfides on cadmium distribution during sludge combustion based on experimental and thermodynamic calculation approaches

“…They then volatilize during incineration and condense later to form metal compounds and submicron metallic particles as the flue gas is cooled (Meylan and Spoerri 2014). The emission characteristics of heavy metals from waste incinerators are mainly affected by the concentration of metals in the waste feed and the operation conditions (Yang et al 2014). As a result, volatile metal emissions from the sludge incineration may have adverse effects on the natural environment because of their toxicities.…”