Exhaustive diagnosis of breast implants with capsular contracture: The microbiology laboratory as a major support

Cutibacterium acnesin breast implants: an underestimated bacterial infection and review of the literature

“…Cutibacterium acnes has many virulence strategies with differing growth potential in human tissue attributing to timely delay in clinical presentation [ 11 , 12 ]. It can be problematic to manage because of its ability to produce biofilms on surgical material contributing to the pathogenesis of capsular contractures [ 13–16 ]. In our series, C. acnes was grown from cultures originating from the implant capsule, but Pittet’s systematic review suggests that the most likely origin of the pathogen is either the patient’s skin or colonised mammary ducts at the incision site [ 17 ].…”

“…The most common clinical presentation of BIA-ALCL is a peri-implant effusion seen within 551 cases out of a total 1130 (49%) as of January 2022 [ 20 ]. The pathogenesis of BIA-ALCL is unclear though chronic inflammation by the presence of biofilm results in persistent T-cell transformation and lymphomagenesis [ 13 , 19 ]. Although rare, it is an important diagnosis to exclude in a patient presenting with breast capsular contracture and peri-implant effusions.…”

Transcriptomic and machine learning analyses identify hub genes of metabolism and host immune response that are associated with the progression of breast capsular contracture

“…Some studies suggested that capsular contracture is related to biofilm formation and can be diagnosed by analyzing the bacterial microbiome. 7 , 8 However, María Guembe's team 9 demonstrated that capsular contracture was associated with neither high biofilm production nor breast implant colonization. According to Zambrano et al, 10 ultrasound is a valuable technique that can be used to assess various aspects of the capsular contracture.…”