Exhaust Gas Purification at Small‐Scale Biomass Combustion and Experimental Investigation of a Combination of Catalytic and Electrostatic Exhaust Aftertreatment

Abstract

Kleinfeuerungsanlagen, die mit fester Biomasse betrieben werden, können in nicht unerheblichem Umfang toxische bzw. gesundheitsgefährdende Schadgase sowie Feinstaub emittieren. Eine repräsentative Auswahl der am Markt verfügbaren oder in aktuellen Forschungsprojekten in der Entwicklung befindlichen sekundären Emissionsminderungstechniken wird vorgestellt. Zurzeit ist kein System zur sekundären Emissionsminderung am Markt verfügbar, das den Ausstoß sowohl gasförmiger als auch fester bzw. kondensierter Luftschadstoffe wirksam vermindert. Eine Recherche zum Stand von Wissenschaft und Technik zeigt, dass elektrostatische Abscheider in Kombination mit der katalytischen Abgasreinigung eine aussichtsreiche sekundäre Technik darstellen. Experimentelle Arbeiten zur Untersuchung einer solchen Kombination werden vorgestellt.

Application of Heterogeneous Catalysis in Small-Scale Biomass Combustion Systems

“…Emissions of several wood log stoves have been analyzed by our research group. The already published results [2] show high emissions from different kinds of wood log stoves during the start and burnout phase. In addition to gaseous organic compounds, soot and nitrogen oxides should also be reduced in flue gases.…”

“…In Figure 14, the setup of the system is illustrated. Furthermore, another retrofit system named "KATI" exists at the DBFZ for which results have already been published in [2]. Standardized wood logs [12] were used as fuel during the experiments.…”

Mitigation of Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation from Log Wood Burning Emissions by Catalytic Removal of Aromatic Hydrocarbons

“…While such measures will significantly reduce the emissions, 26 they need to be combined with secondary pollutant abatement strategies in order to reduce the toxic and harmful pollutants to close to zero levels for all appliance types in the future. Mechanical measures such as electrostatic precipitators may reduce primary PM, but catalytic conversion is required for efficient CO and VOC removal, 27 and the associated abatement of SOA. The use of catalytic converters has been explored at the laboratory and pilot scale, focusing on the major primary pollutants including gases and primary particles, 27−37 but studies lack any assessment of SOA abatement.…”

“…While such measures will significantly reduce the emissions, they need to be combined with secondary pollutant abatement strategies in order to reduce the toxic and harmful pollutants to close to zero levels for all appliance types in the future. Mechanical measures such as electrostatic precipitators may reduce primary PM, but catalytic conversion is required for efficient CO and VOC removal, and the associated abatement of SOA.…”

“…The use of catalytic converters has been explored at the laboratory and pilot scale, focusing on the major primary pollutants including gases and primary particles, − but studies lack any assessment of SOA abatement. As the application of catalytic converters remains challenging, , further scientific studies are needed to establish their potential, especially when trace pollutants are considered.…”