Exhaust Gas Emissions and Environmental Effects by Use of Rape Seed Oil Based Fuels in Agricultural Tractors

Krahl, Jürgen; Vellguth, Gerhard; Munack, Axel; Stalder, Karlheinz; Bahadir, Müfit

doi:10.4271/961847

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Solution to viscosity problems have been approached by four routes: dilution, microemulsification, pyrolysis, and transesterification. , Among the techniques developed for the conversion of the oil, transesterification with short-chain alcohols (methanol, ethanol, etc.) to corresponding fatty esters appears to be the most promising solution. − The fatty ester product of transesterification is called diesel-bi, biodiesel, biofuel, Di-ester, and green ester.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Refining Step of Biodiesel Production

et al. 1996

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The ester product of the vegetable oil−alcohol transesterification reaction (biodiesel) is the best and the most popular diesel fuel alternative. The refining of the transesterification reaction products is technically difficult and brings an extra cost. Also, the purity level of the biodiesel must conform to European Union standards for alternative diesel fuels. The target of this study was to investigate the refining of the product mixture obtained by the transesterification reaction (with an alkali catalyst) of neutralized rapeseed oil (extracted from the seeds of the rape plant cultivated in the Thrace region of Turkey) with methanol. To obtain pure biodiesel conformable to the standards, methods of washing with hot distilled water, dissolving in petroleum ether and then washing with distilled water, and neutralization with H2SO4 (1:1) were tested in the refining step. Washing with hot distilled water at 50 °C was chosen as the best refining process. The purity of the biodiesel obtained was about 99%.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Refining Step of Biodiesel Production

et al. 1996

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“…Other researchers have reported reductions in aldehydes when using biodiesel (17,18). These contrary tendencies did not allow a theoretical comparison of the ozone-forming potentials of RME and DF (26). Therefore, the levels of ozone precursors in the exhaust emissions of both fuels were compared as discussed below.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exhaust emissions and health effects of particulate matter from agricultural tractors operating on rapeseed oil methyl ester

Krahl

Bünger

Schröder

et al. 2002

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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Exhaust emissions and their effects on the environment and human health, such as mutagenicity of particulate matter (PM) and ozone-forming potential, must be considered when using an alternative fuel. In the present work, a test engine and two agricultural tractors ran on rapeseed oil methyl ester (biodiesel) or conventional diesel fuel as well as blends thereof. The objective was to detect any disproportionately positive or negative effects depending on blend levels, because conventional diesel fuel and biodiesel can be blended in every ratio. Generally, emissions of regulated compounds changed linearly with the blend level. The known positive and negative effects of biodiesel varied accordingly. Overall, no optimal blend was found. Increasing biodiesel content of the fuel caused a linear increase in benzene emissions in the agricultural five-mode engine test, an effect that may be explained from previous studies on precombustion chemistry. In using the test engine, it was found that PM from biodiesel significantly reduced mutagenic potential compared with that from diesel fuel, although in this work PM masses were found to be reproducibly higher for biodiesel from rapeseed oil compared with conventional diesel fuel. Ozone precursors increased 10-30% when using biodiesel compared with conventional diesel fuel. Emissions of aldehydes and alkenes are mainly responsible for this effect. N 2 O emissions increased when using a catalytic converter.Paper no. J9848 in JAOCS 79, 717-724 (July 2002).

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“…3). Эти канцерогены оказывают отдаленное во времени мутагенное или тератогенное воздействие, вызывая генетические нарушения в отношении ши-рокого ряда организмов [17,19,20,21].…”

Section: токсикологическое действие пауunclassified