EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF PAH<i>s</i> OF PASSENGER CARS

Devos, O.; Combet, Evelyne; Tassel, Patrick; Paturel, Laurent

doi:10.1080/10406630500519346

Cited by 45 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In diesel and biodiesel samples and in both sets of tests, Phen and Pyr were the most abundant PAH. This distribution was similar to that observed by Devos et al (2006) in diesel exhaust. Stein (1985) pointed out that the ability of individual PAH to survive high-temperature environments, such as the diesel combustion process, is related to the thermodynamic stability of the molecule.…”

Section: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (Pah)supporting

confidence: 88%

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Particulate Matter Emitted by the Combustion of Diesel and Biodiesel

Valle-Hernández

Amador-Muñóz

Jazcilevich-Diamant

et al. 2013

Combustion Science and Technology

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Two sets of experiments were performed for collected particulate mass emitted directly from the exhaust of diesel engines burning diesel and biodiesel fuels: First, a diesel truck was used in the field, and in the second test, a similar diesel engine was used in the laboratory. The mass of particles and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) was determined. No reduction was observed in the mass of particles per min using biodiesel relative to that produced when burning diesel. Pyrene and phenanthrene showed the highest mass concentrations in diesel and biodiesel in both tests. Reductions in these PAHs greater than 80% (in the truck field test) and 35% AE 11% (in the engine laboratory test) were observed when using biodiesel in any mixture thereof, with respect to diesel. The mean AE standard deviation of the ratios of BaA/(BaA þ Chry) and (BbF þ BkF)BghiP for diesel emissions were consistent with the literature. Four ratios amongst PAHs were proposed, with relative standard deviation < 10%, which suggests that these ratios could be used as emission markers for diesel and animal biodiesel blends (

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Section: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (Pah)supporting

confidence: 88%

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Particulate Matter Emitted by the Combustion of Diesel and Biodiesel

Valle-Hernández

Amador-Muñóz

Jazcilevich-Diamant

et al. 2013

Combustion Science and Technology

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“…Also, gasoline engines generate ten times more carcinogenic PAH compounds that diesel ones during cold engine start-up (Devos et al, 2005). However, more research work and resultant technology advancement have been carried out on diesel engines, which have significantly reduced their pollutant emissions (Kokko et al, 2000).…”

Section: Pah Emissions From Gasoline Automobile Enginesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Emissions from the Stationary and Mobile Sources and in the Ambient Air

Cheruiyot

Lee

Mwangi

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

134

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are a class of semi-volatile organic carbons that are emitted from both natural and anthropogenic sources therefore are ubiquitous in nature. Their main sources are both fossil and biomass fuels as well as other feedstocks used in chemical and combustion processes. Mostly the combustion processes are PAH depletion processes rather than PAH generating processes. PAHs are emitted from both stationary and mobile sources at varying levels depending on the operation conditions such as fuels, feedstock, and control devices in use as well as process parameters for example combustion temperatures.After emission from sources, the fates of PAHs in the atmosphere include partitioning between gas and particulate phases, particle size distribution, long range transport, dry and wet deposition on to water bodies, soil, vegetation and other receptor surfaces as well as resuspension from receptor surfaces back to the atmosphere. These processes are controlled by their physiochemical properties. Additionally, it is through these processes that human beings are exposed to PAHs via inhalation, ingestion and dermal contact.Dry deposition is the major process through which PAHs from the atmosphere are made available to receptor surfaces including the human respiratory system. From studies with cumulative fractions of dry deposition and size distribution for particulate PAHs, it is evident that the coarse particles are majorly responsible for the highest fraction of deposition fluxes. This is especially true for the high molecular weight PAHs, since the low molecular weight PAHs are majorly in the gas phase, which have lower dry deposition velocities. On the other hand, the highest risk for human being comes in the form of fine particles, whose mean aerodynamic diameter is below 2.5 µm. This is because the particle bound content results and particle size distributions of PAHs indicate that the fine particles have the most PAH content owing to their large surface areas and high organic carbon content. For the wet deposition of PAHs, more research is recommended for measurement of scavenging ratios of individual PAHs, since there is a scarcity of studies focusing on this issue.PAH mutagenic activity and exposure risk of humans can be estimated using the deposition rates, toxicity levels based on benzo(a)pyrene, or biomarkers such as urinary 1-hydroxypyrene. Other parameters that have been used to evaluate the risks of various exposure groups include inhalation exposure levels (IEL), incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR), and estimation of maximum consumption time (t max ). Highway toll workers, back carbon workers and food vendors in night markets are among susceptible groups identified using these biomarkers and exposure parameters.To reduce exposure to human beings, PAH emissions need to be controlled at the sources. Control and reduction of PAH emissions from various sources involves largely altering the fuel and feedstock characteristics, using air pollution control devices and/or adjustin...

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“…Sampling details are provided in Table S1 of the supporting information. 12 -Perylene) and hexamethylbenzene (HMB) were all purchased from AccuStandard (New Haven, CT, USA). The solvents and reagents used were HPLC or pesticide grade from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany) or J.T.…”

Section: Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[5]. Diesel, cold start and congested traffic conditions promote PAH emission [5,12,13]. Traffic areas, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and carcinogenic potential of airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in some large-scale enclosed/semi-enclosed vehicle parking areas

Zeng

Zhang

et al. 2014

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF PAHs OF PASSENGER CARS

Cited by 45 publications

References 11 publications

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Particulate Matter Emitted by the Combustion of Diesel and Biodiesel

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Particulate Matter Emitted by the Combustion of Diesel and Biodiesel

An Overview: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Emissions from the Stationary and Mobile Sources and in the Ambient Air

Occurrence and carcinogenic potential of airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in some large-scale enclosed/semi-enclosed vehicle parking areas

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