Exhaust emissions of diesel engines operating under transient conditions with biodiesel fuel blends

Giakoumis, Evangelos G.; Rakopoulos, C.D.; Dimaratos, Athanasios; Rakopoulos, Dimitrios C.

doi:10.1016/j.pecs.2012.05.002

Cited by 284 publications

(176 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…According to [11] the majority of the reviewed studies in diesel engine showed that biodiesel and its mixture with diesel has an increasing trend in NOx emission, in our study as the percentage of biodiesel increased in the blend, NOx emission increased from 0.32 until 21,29%. However, adding the farnesane to the fossil diesel a reduction of NOx from 0,84 until 11.22%, was observed.…”

Section: Nox Emissionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Correlation Between Nox and Co Emissions and Activation Energy of Renewable Fuels

Conconi¹,

Crnkovicr²

2017

Blucher Engineering Proceedings

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Biofuels have been widely used in conventional Diesel engines to replace, partially or totally, by fossil diesel. However, the use of an innovative fuel should be evaluated and an important feature to be considered is the ignition delay of the combustion process. Ignition delay can be correlated with activation energy (Ea) and greatly affects the performance of the engine, including pollutant emissions. This study presents the determination of activation energy of three pure fuels -farnesane, biodiesel and fossil fuel -and their blends. In addition, the correlation between Ea and NOx and CO emissions were established. Gases emissions were generated in the OM 926 LA CONAMA p7/EURO 5 diesel engine according to the European Stationary Cicle (ESC). Activation energies were determined by means of thermogravimetric experiments and the mathematic model free-kinetics. Our results indicate that when biodiesel is added to the blend with fossil Diesel, both activation energy values and NOx emission increase, but no direct correlation between Ea and CO emissions was observed. A contrary behavior was observed with farnesane in the blend, i.e., its addition in the fossil Diesel decreases both activation energy and NOx and CO emissions.

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Section: Nox Emissionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Correlation Between Nox and Co Emissions and Activation Energy of Renewable Fuels

Conconi¹,

Crnkovicr²

2017

Blucher Engineering Proceedings

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“…A recent study presented a summary of over 75 exhaust emission studies employing biodiesel fuel blends combusted under transient conditions. 39 They concluded that in the majority of cases, there was a decreasing trend in PM, unburnt hydrocarbons and CO (and an increasing trend in NOx) as the proportion of biodiesel in the fuel mix increased. Again, this conclusion was based on studies largely focused on only a few types of biodiesel and a limited number of biodiesel/mineral diesel blends.…”

Section: Comparative Physicochemical Properties Of Different Biodieselsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel exhaust: The need for a systematic approach to health effects research

et al. 2015

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Biodiesel is a generic term for fuel that can be made from virtually any plant or animal oil via transesterification of triglycerides with an alcohol (and usually a catalyst). Biodiesel has received considerable scientific attention in recent years, as it is a renewable resource that is directly able to replace mineral diesel in many engines. Additionally, some countries have mandated a minimum biodiesel content in all diesel fuel sold on environmental grounds.When combusted, biodiesel produces exhaust emissions containing particulate matter, adsorbed chemicals and a range of gases. In many cases, absolute amounts of these pollutants are lower in biodiesel exhaust compared with mineral diesel exhaust, leading to speculation that biodiesel exhaust may be less harmful to health. Additionally, engine performance studies show that the concentrations of these pollutants vary significantly depending on the renewable oil used to make the biodiesel and the ratio of biodiesel to mineral diesel in the fuel mix. Given the strategic and legislative push towards the use of biodiesel in many countries, a concerning possibility is that certain biodiesels may produce exhaust emissions that are more harmful to health than others. This variation suggests that a comprehensive, systematic and comparative approach to assessing the potential for a range of different biodiesel exhausts to affect health is urgently required. Such an assessment could inform biodiesel production priorities, drive research and development into new exhaust treatment technologies, and ultimately minimize the health impacts of biodiesel exhaust exposure.

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“…The growing concern about their environmental impact and health hazard in urban areas has resulted in the development of modern combustion engines that emit less particulate matter (PM). Concurrently, alternative fuels, such as vegetable oil-based biofuels (referred to as biodiesel), tend to be used in modern combustion engines (Agarwal, 2007;Giakoumis et al, 2012) in an attempt to further lessen soot particles emission and the concentration of unburned hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) released in engine exhausts (Dwivedi et al, 2006;Jung et al, 2006;Betha and Balasubramanian, 2011;Shah et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, real-world engine operating conditions likely deviate from this ideal situation and is best represented by a transient cycle, where both engine speed and fuel consumption vary. Therefore, experimental investigations of exhaust emissions are to be expanded to transient diesel engine operation cycles (Giakoumis et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Composition of Diesel/Biodiesel Particulate Exhaust by FTIR Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry: Impact of Fuel and Driving Cycle

Popovicheva

Irimiea

Carpentier

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The growing concern about air quality and the impact exhaust particles can have on the environment has resulted in the increased use of alternative fuels. A sampling campaign from a conventional heavy diesel engine operated in typical transient cycle or steady-state condition, and running on diesel, 30% biodiesel in diesel, and 100% biodiesel was carried out. The particulate composition was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Two-step Laser Mass Spectrometry (L2MS), Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS), thermo-optical analysis, and capillary electrophoresis. Elemental carbon is demonstrated to decrease from diesel to 100% biodiesel, in agreement with the evolution of aromatic bands and the MS abundance of C n -fragments, while organic carbon exhibits a constant level irrespective of the working regime. Aliphatic, aromatic, carboxyl, carbonyl, hydroxyl functionalities, and nitro compounds are found to depend on the engine-working regime. Mass spectra are mainly characterized by alkyl fragments (C n H 2n+1 + ), associated to normal and branched alkanes, PAHs and their alkylated derivatives. The addition of biodiesel to diesel changes the particulate composition towards more oxygenated constituents, such as carbonyl groups attributed to methyl ester CH 3 O + fragments of unburned biodiesel. Fuel-specific fragments have been identified, such as C 3 H 7 O + for diesel, and C 2 H 3 O 2 + and CH 3 O -for biodiesel. Nitrogenized compounds are revealed by -NO 2 functionalities and N-containing fragments. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was successfully applied to discriminate the engine operating conditions, with a higher variance given by the fuel, thus allowing to better evaluate the environmental impacts of alternative energy source emissions.

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Exhaust emissions of diesel engines operating under transient conditions with biodiesel fuel blends

Cited by 284 publications

References 68 publications

Correlation Between Nox and Co Emissions and Activation Energy of Renewable Fuels

Correlation Between Nox and Co Emissions and Activation Energy of Renewable Fuels

Biodiesel exhaust: The need for a systematic approach to health effects research

Chemical Composition of Diesel/Biodiesel Particulate Exhaust by FTIR Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry: Impact of Fuel and Driving Cycle

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