Exhaust Emissions Control: 60 Years of Innovation and Development

Keenan, Matthew

doi:10.4271/2017-24-0120

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Exhaust gas aftertreatment systems (ATSs) have been used since the 1950s to remove at least a portion of the exhaust gases emitted from internal combustion engines of vehicles [1]. Nowadays, tight emission limits and durability requirements guide vehicle developers to implement regeneration procedures into the vehicle operation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diesel oxidation catalysts (DOC) are palladium-promoted and platinum-rich in composition. A three-way catalyst (TWC) is palladium-rich and promoted with a small amount of rhodium, whereas methane oxidation catalysts (MOC) are palladium-rich and promoted with a small amount of platinum [1,5]. The reason for the popularity of palladium relies on its good thermal stability compared to platinum [6], but sometimes it is also mandatory due to activity such as in methane combustion catalysis [3,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Decomposition of Al2O3-Supported PdSO4 and Al2(SO4)3 in the Regeneration of Methane Combustion Catalyst: A Model Catalyst Study

et al. 2019

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Exhaust gas aftertreatment systems play a key role in controlling transportation greenhouse gas emissions. Modern aftertreatment systems, often based on Pd metal supported on aluminum oxide, provide high catalytic activity but are vulnerable to sulfur poisoning due to formation of inactive sulfate species. This paper focuses on regeneration of Pd-based catalyst via the decomposition of alumina-supported aluminum and palladium sulfates existing both individually and in combination. Decomposition experiments were carried out under hydrogen (10% H2/Ar), helium (He), low oxygen (0.1% O2/He), and excess oxygen (10% O2/He). The structure and composition of the model catalysts were examined before and after the decomposition reactions via powder X-ray diffraction and elemental sulfur analysis. The study revealed that individual alumina-supported aluminum sulfate decomposed at a higher temperature compared to individual alumina-supported palladium sulfate. The simultaneous presence of aluminum and palladium sulfates on the alumina support decreased their decomposition temperatures and led to a higher amount of metallic palladium than in the corresponding case of individual supported palladium sulfate. From a fundamental point of view, the lowest decomposition temperature was achieved in the presence of hydrogen gas, which is the optimal decomposition atmosphere among the studied conditions. In summary, aluminum sulfate has a two-fold role in the regeneration of a catalyst—it decreases the Pd sulfate decomposition temperature and hinders re-oxidation of less-active metallic palladium to active palladium oxide.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decomposition of Al2O3-Supported PdSO4 and Al2(SO4)3 in the Regeneration of Methane Combustion Catalyst: A Model Catalyst Study

et al. 2019

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Reduction in greenhouse gas and other emissions from ship engines: Current trends and future options

Aakko-Saksa

Lehtoranta

Kuittinen

et al. 2023

Progress in Energy and Combustion Science

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Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy for Measurements of Vehicle Exhaust Emissions: A Review

Giechaskiel

Clairotte

2021

Applied Sciences

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Pollution from vehicles is a serious concern for the environment and human health. Vehicle emission regulations worldwide have limits for pollutants such as hydrocarbons, CO, and NOx. The measurements are typically conducted at engine dynamometers (heavy-duty engines) sampling from the tailpipe or at chassis dynamometers (light-duty vehicles) sampling from the dilution tunnel. The latest regulations focused on the actual emissions of the vehicles on the road. Greenhouse gases (GHG) (such as CO2, CH4, N2O), and NH3 have also been the subject of some regulations. One instrument that can measure many gaseous compounds simultaneously is the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. In this review the studies that assessed FTIRs since the 1980s are summarized. Studies with calibration gases or vehicle exhaust gas in comparison with well-established techniques were included. The main conclusion is that FTIRs, even when used at the tailpipe and not at the dilution tunnel, provide comparable results with other well-established techniques for CO2, CO, NOx, while for hydrocarbons, higher deviations were noticed. The introduction of FTIRs in the regulation needs a careful description of the technical requirements, especially interference tests. Although the limited results of prototype portable FTIRs for on-road measurement are promising, their performance at the wide range of environmental conditions (temperature, pressure, vibrations) needs further studies.

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Exhaust Emissions Control: 60 Years of Innovation and Development

Cited by 10 publications

References 13 publications

Decomposition of Al2O3-Supported PdSO4 and Al2(SO4)3 in the Regeneration of Methane Combustion Catalyst: A Model Catalyst Study

Decomposition of Al2O3-Supported PdSO4 and Al2(SO4)3 in the Regeneration of Methane Combustion Catalyst: A Model Catalyst Study

Reduction in greenhouse gas and other emissions from ship engines: Current trends and future options

Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy for Measurements of Vehicle Exhaust Emissions: A Review

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