Exhaled carbon monoxide

Ryter, Stefan W.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819967-1.00006-2

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 38 publications

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“…This enzymatic oxidation is catalysed primarily by heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), the inducible form of HO, though the constitutively expressed isozyme HO-2 may also contribute [ 107 ]. Subsequently, CO binds with high affinity to haemoglobin to form carboxyhaemoglobin, which is transported through the systemic circulation to the lungs, where CO transitions into the gas-phase at the alveoli and is then excreted from the body via exhaled breath ( Figure 3 b) [ 108 ]. Besides CO, heme catabolism during red blood cell turnover in normal human physiology produces bilirubin [ 109 , 110 ].…”

Section: Tests Targeting Endogenous Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breath Biomarkers in Diagnostic Applications

Pham

Beauchamp

2021

Molecules

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The detection of chemical compounds in exhaled human breath presents an opportunity to determine physiological state, diagnose disease or assess environmental exposure. Recent advancements in metabolomics research have led to improved capabilities to explore human metabolic profiles in breath. Despite some notable challenges in sampling and analysis, exhaled breath represents a desirable medium for metabolomics applications, foremost due to its non-invasive, convenient and practically limitless availability. Several breath-based tests that target either endogenous or exogenous gas-phase compounds are currently established and are in practical and/or clinical use. This review outlines the concept of breath analysis in the context of these unique tests and their applications. The respective breath biomarkers targeted in each test are discussed in relation to their physiological production in the human body and the development and implementation of the associated tests. The paper concludes with a brief insight into prospective tests and an outlook of the future direction of breath research.

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