Exhaled Breath Condensate Analysis after Long Distance Races

Abstract

The impact of an endurance race on pulmonary pro-oxidative formation and lipoperoxidation was evaluated using exhaled breath condensate (EBC). 3 groups of 12, 12 and 17 healthy recreational runners of both sexes ran 10, 21.1 and 42.2 km, respectively. EBC samples were obtained before the run and at 20 and 80 min post run. Concentrations of H2O2, NO2 - , malondialdehyde and pH were determined. The 10 km group showed no post-run variations for H2O2 and NO2 - concentrations. The 21.1 km group showed significant increments for NO2 - , and H2O2 concentrations in 20 min and 80 min samples. The 42.2 km group, showed increased NO2 - concentration in 20 min and 80 min samples, while H2O2 concentration increased only in the 20 min sample. In the 10 and 42.2 km groups neither malondialdehyde concentration nor pH showed differences. The 42.2 km group exhibited ΔH2O2 and ΔNO2 - medians higher than the 10 km group. ΔpH median decreased in 21.1 and 42.2 km groups, exhibiting values significantly lower than the 10 km group. ΔH2O2 y ΔNO2 - correlated directly with race time, while ΔpH, correlated inversely. In conclusion, intense prolonged exercise favors the increase in pulmonary pro-oxidative levels, with no modifications on lipoperoxidation. Running time relates to the magnitude of acute post exercise pro-oxidative formation.

Early Effect of Tidal Volume on Lung Injury Biomarkers in Surgical Patients With Healthy Lungs

“…EBC nitrate reflects the severity of asthma better than nitrite or exhaled nitric oxide 56 . Our observed nitrite and nitrate concentrations in EBC were comparable to those found in healthy humans 23,54,57 , suggesting healthy lung conditions during our study period. An insufficient time or intensity of the mechanical insult may explain the absence of significant changes in EBC nitrite or nitrate in our study patients.…”

“…Multiple questions remain about the biological role of nitric oxide metabolites in pulmonary function. For example, EBC nitrite significantly increases in healthy recreational runners in a time-dependent manner without change in lipid peroxidation 54 , suggesting an increased nitric oxide production independent of significant lung injury. Nitrite level increases with lung distention in the EBC of COPD or ventilated patients with or without ARDS 6,26 as well as with high V T ventilation of isolated rabbit lungs 55 .…”

Exhaled Breath Condensate Nitrate Levels are Inversely Associated with the Body Mass Index of Patients without Respiratory Disease

“…Nitrate constitutes the most oxidized NO metabolite ( Figure 1) and while nitrite can be reduced to NO by different cell types, human cells cannot reduce nitrate to nitrite [31]. Both nitrite and nitrate have been measured before in EBC samples from spontaneously breathing patients, and our results are similar to reported levels from healthy adults [35][36][37]. The decreased NO production and nitrosative stress in EBC of obese patients without respiratory disease has not been previously reported.…”

Early Effect of Tidal Volume on Lung Injury Biomarkers in Surgical Patients with Healthy Lungs

“…Multiple questions remain about the biological role of nitric oxide metabolites in pulmonary function. For example, EBC nitrite significantly increases in healthy recreational runners in a time-dependent manner without change in lipid peroxidation 54 , suggesting an increased nitric oxide production independent of significant lung injury. Nitrite level increases with lung distention in the EBC of COPD or ventilated patients with or without ARDS 6,26 as well as with high V T ventilation of isolated rabbit lungs 55 .…”