Exertional Costs of Changes in Directional Modes of Running

Abstract

The energy expended and perceived exertion were determined for 9 soccer players while running forwards, backwards, and sideways at three treadmill speeds. The unorthodox modes of motion produced energy expenditure levels and subjective reactions similar to each other but significantly greater than running forwards. The added exertional costs of running backwards and sideways increased disproportionately at the higher speeds.

Activity Profile and Physiological Requirements of Junior Elite Basketball Players in Relation to Aerobic-Anaerobic Fitness

“…This figure is in the range (120-2,130 m) of that reported in top level assistant soccer referees during highly competitive matches that are reported to cover 1,160 m moving sideways (32). This finding is of specific interest to basketball coaches and fitness trainers for training prescription because this nonorthodox directional mode of running has been reported to be metabolically demanding (49,65). The relevance of sideways movement would suggest the use of field tests that enable the assessment of the ability to move quickly with this directional mode.…”

“…The considerable distance traveled shuffling must be considered as a better indicator of the demanding periods of the game, because it has been noted that shuffling contribute a considerable portion of the energy demands of basketball competition (38). The distance covered at high-speed running (4,31), and sideways running that has been shown to be more demanding of energy than forward running (49) should also be constituted an important marker of the physical requirements of basketball. The proportion of direction changes can also be taken into account, because this provides an indication of the work required for accelerations and decelerations during a game (38).…”

Ecological Validity of the Yo-Yo SFIE2 Test

“…Together, the above fi ndings provide further support that the Yo-Yo SFIE2 test is sensitive to diff erences in intermittent exercise ability of match officials especially when considering the low test retest coeffi cient of variation of 4-6 % for performances ranging from 500 to 2 200 m [ 7 ] and also that some top-level match offi cials have a poor intermittent exercise performance. minimise the amount of high-intensity running due to fatigue, explaining that there were no signifi cant correlations between Yo-Yo SFIE2 performance and sideways running but signifi cant correlations with match-distances and peak 5-min values of high-intensity running [ 21 ] . The amount of high-intensity running (43 %) and sideways running (60 %) decreased markedly from the fi rst to the last 10-min period of the game, and 30 % less sideways running was performed in the second compared to the fi rst half which is in accordance with the previous observations (24,56, and 31 %, respectively [ 20 ] ).…”

An ergonomics model of the soccer training process

“…For a given speed of locomotion, the training stimulus is higher when working with the ball compared with running normally, suggesting benefits of soccer-specific work wherever possible. Additionally, Reilly and Bowen (1984) compared orthodox running, moving backwards and moving sideways; there was a progressive increase in energy expenditure at each speed studied for the unorthodox movements. Since the ability to move backwards and sideways quickly is an important skill for defenders, and is an unorthodox mode of motion, special attention should be given to such activities in training.…”