Exergy and environmental comparison of the end use of vehicle fuels: The Brazilian case

Flórez-Orrego, Daniel; Silva, Júlio Augusto Mendes da; Oliveira, Silvio de

doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2015.04.074

Cited by 38 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In the past decades, the concept has been widely used by public and private institutions [ 7 , 8 ] to evaluate the efficiency of energy use of systems in various sectors, including industrial [ 9 , 10 ], transport [ 11 ], agriculture [ 12 ], commercial/services [ 13 ], and residential [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of the Second Law of Thermodynamics in Brazilian Residential Appliances towards a Rational Use of Energy

Mady

Pinto

Pereira

2020

Entropy

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This article proposes the utilization of the concepts of destroyed exergy and exergy efficiency for equipment and process performance indicators that are related to the current energy planning scenario in Brazil, more specifically with energy-efficiency labelling. Several indicators associated with these concepts are discussed, including one national program that is based on labeling the energy efficiency of several residential, commercial and industrial appliances. The grades are indicated in the equipment using values from A to G. This labeling system is useful for discriminating similar technologies used for the same function; nevertheless produced by different enterprises. For this complementary analysis, two types of refrigeration methods were compared, absorption and vapor compression; however, these energy indexes alone are not sufficient parameters to select among these two technologies, because their performance indexes definition are different. To address this, our research considers the second law of thermodynamics through exergy analysis as a proper sub-index to obtain a systematic comparison between these various indicators. It is significant to highlight that seldom research studies addressed to this problem so explicitly, in an actual governmental working solution, aiming at discussing to the society the advantage of the usage of the “quality of the energy” as a complementary index to governmental and personal choices. Results indicate that it is possible to use the destroyed exergy and exergy efficiency to help select the technology that better utilizes natural resources, considering the energy matrix of the country. Appliances for water heating and air conditioning were compared from energy and exergy viewpoint, where the last gave additional information about the quality of energy conversion process, giving a completely different trend from the energy analysis alone, without the necessity to think about the energy matrix. Later this issue is addressed from both points of view. Future studies may suggest an exergy based index. The energy efficiency suggests that electrical shower (values higher than 95%) are better than gas water heaters (83% ) in using natural resources, whereas the exergy efficiency shares similar magnitudes (about 3%). A related pattern is shown for the theoretical air conditioning systems. The vapor compression systems have an energy index higher than 3, and absorption systems lower than 1. For these circumstances, the exergy efficiency shows figures nearby 30%.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of the Second Law of Thermodynamics in Brazilian Residential Appliances towards a Rational Use of Energy

Mady

Pinto

Pereira

2020

Entropy

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“…The CO 2 emitted burning biomass products are recycled through photosynthesis, which acts on biomass growth (Mandegari et al, 2018;Zhang et al, 2010). Thus, biofuel use has reduced carbon emissions by 10% throughout the energy sector (Flórez-Orrego et al, 2015;Szklo et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energetic and Economic Analysis of Use of Hydrated Ethanol

Ruoso¹,

Lhamby²,

Missaggia³

et al. 2020

PTQ

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Interest in biofuels is growing, and ethanol has been the most used biofuel as an additive and as a gasoline substitute and, it is considered a potential alternative to traditional fuels. Ethanol represents 17% of energy consumption in transportation in Brazil, the transport sector's share in the energy matrix is 32.4%, which is the second most energy-consuming sector. The production of first and second-generation ethanol in the same industrial plant presents better financial results compared to the isolated processes. Also, ethanol obtained from the sugarcane has renewability, biodegradability and provides CO2 emissions mitigation. The objective of the work is to perform an analysis of the ethanol with several levels of hydration in terms of energetic, economic, environmental and safety. The results showed that each 10% of water in ethanol dilution the temperature in the flame surround decreases by 4%. Besides, the ethanol with 20% of water dilution emits 20% less radiation compared to 10% of water dilution. Indeed, the energy consumed in the distillation to produce ethanol with 10% of water is double. On the other hand, this energy difference in the production of ethanol diluted with 30% of water is not enough to compensate for the losses in the energy use process. Also, large amounts of water in ethanol dilution might be unfeasible the use due to the total cost of transportation. Therefore, ethanol with 20% of water represents the more efficient, cleaner and safe fuel in free flame applications.

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“…An industrial process takes to the attention of companies linked to the energy, which consists of the compaction of material, in order to higher the energy concentration (Balasubramani et al, 2016;Flórez-Orrego et al, 2015;Felfli et al, 2011;Wu et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Parameters for the Forest Biomass Waste Ecofirewood Manufacturing Process Optimization

Ruoso¹,

Bitencourt²,

Sudati³

et al. 2019

PTQ

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Biomass has a large share in the energy generation matrix, due to the regional economic benefits. This work has as main objective to evaluate the parameters used in the manufacture of briquettes produced with forest residues and the economic engineering for the manufacturer. The forest residues were: wood chips and chips of Eucalyptus spp. and barks of Pinus taeda. The evaluations were the chemical characterization of forest residues and the costs involved in the briquetting process. The forest residues presented extractive chemical composition and lignin. The production costs of the briquettes were affected mainly by the equipment, being the Pinus taeda barks the one that presented higher production cost. However, the production costs obtained in this study are approximately 20% lower than the production costs using traditional methods for forest firewood. The energy value from biomass allows the reduction of the dependence of energy, which can be used for the generation of steam or electricity, for subsistence. A fact for energy conversion is to evaluate the material moisture. It is suitable to burn residues with moisture between 45 to 55%. The consumed electric energy is important to evaluate the total costs. The energy required depends on the quality of raw material and the system employed. Forest residues is an important source for eco firewood production, contributing to energy generation and decreasing of the solid waste stored at the company. In this way, the new parameters for briquetting biomass forest wastes shown in this work, which is an important stage of the process, make economically viable and environmentally suitable the eco firewood production.

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Exergy and environmental comparison of the end use of vehicle fuels: The Brazilian case

Cited by 38 publications

References 33 publications

Application of the Second Law of Thermodynamics in Brazilian Residential Appliances towards a Rational Use of Energy

Application of the Second Law of Thermodynamics in Brazilian Residential Appliances towards a Rational Use of Energy

Energetic and Economic Analysis of Use of Hydrated Ethanol

New Parameters for the Forest Biomass Waste Ecofirewood Manufacturing Process Optimization

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