Exergoenvironmental analysis of hybrid electric vehicle thermal management systems

Intake characteristics and pumping loss in the intake stroke of a novel small scale opposed rotary piston engine

“…Additionally, much attention has been paid to hybrid and electric vehicles due to their low emission factors and high energy efficiency (García et al, 2019;Liu et al, 2019;Luin et al, 2019;. However, the technologies of electric vehicles need to be further improved to meet customers' requirements, especially for the energy density of batteries, charging duration, and low temperature performance (Fischer et al, 2009;Hamut et al, 2014;Kwade et al, 2018;Schmuch et al, 2018). Hybrid vehicle technologies are more mature than electric vehicles, but they require compact, high power density, and high thermal efficiency engines to be the energy sources.…”

Four Sustainability Paradigms for Environmental Management: A Methodological Analysis and an Empirical Study Based on 30 Italian Industries

“…Time is crucial in any LCA, whereas space is considered in versions of LCA that are based on donor-side (i.e., production) sources for energies (e.g., emergy in [67,68]), user-side (i.e., consumption) destinations for energies (e.g., exergy in [69,70]), and recycled content (i.e., production) for materials (e.g., [71,72]); in contrast, space is disregarded in versions of LCA based on end-of-life recycling (i.e., consumption) for materials (e.g., [73,74]). …”

From Economic General Equilibrium to Ecological System Services for Nature Conservation and Management: A Methodological Analysis and an Empirical Study Based on 30 Italian Industries

“…If time and space are relevant, the net present value is common to CBA and MCA, whereas the benefit-cost ratio and internal rate of return are peculiar to CBA, where the benefits and costs are assumed to be properly evaluated. Time is crucial in any LCA, whereas space is considered in versions of LCA that are based on donor-side (i.e., production) sources for energies (e.g., emergy in Bala Gala et al, 2015;Raugei et al, 2014), user-side (i.e., consumption) destinations for energies (e.g., exergy in Hamut et al, 2014;Koroneos & Stylos, 2014), and recycled content (i.e., production) for materials (e.g., Ardente & Mathieux, 2014;Johnson et al, 2013); in contrast, space is disregarded in versions of LCA based on end-of-life recycling (i.e., consumption) for materials (e.g., Silvestre et al, 2014;Cobut et al, 2015). In the case of uncertainty, the sensitivity analysis, Monte Carlo simulations, fuzzy analysis, the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) and the expected-value approach are common to both CBA and MCA, whereas the expected-utility or mean-variance approaches are peculiar to CBA, with probabilities determined under the assumption that benefits and costs are properly evaluated.…”