Exercise Training Modifies Ghrelin and Adiponectin Concentrations and Is Related to Inflammation in Older Adults

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to observe exercise training-induced effects on adiponectin, leptin, and ghrelin. Twenty-nine older, healthy participants were classified as physically active (comparison group: N = 15, 70.9 ± 1.2 years) or physically inactive (exercise group: N = 14, 70.5 ± 1.4 years). Exercise group participants completed 12 weeks of combined aerobic and resistance exercise training, whereas comparison group participants maintained their current level of exercise and served as a physically active comparison group. Monocyte phenotype, as well as serum ghrelin, leptin, adiponectin, and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor II were analyzed prior to and following the 12-week period. Ghrelin and adiponectin increased 47% and 55%, respectively, in exercise group participants following exercise training. Percent change in ghrelin (post and pre) was negatively correlated with the percent change in CD14+CD16+ monocytes (post and pre) in exercise group participants. Despite no changes in body mass, these data contribute to evidence for the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise.

Ghrelin and hormonal markers under exercise training in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: results from the Ex‐DHF pilot study

“…Adiponectin was found to play an additional role in this setting ( Table 4). We interpret the currently observed increase in endogenous ghrelin levels under ET to be consistent with the alterations observed in studies in older adults18 but consider it to may have additional clinical consequences in the setting of HF. Animal data suggest that endogenous ghrelin plays a crucial role in attenuating pressure overload‐induced cardiac hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction 21.…”

“…It has been suggested that repeated administration of ghrelin may improve left ventricular function, exercise capacity, and muscle wasting and significantly decrease plasma norepinephrine in patients with HF 17. In older adults, ET was not only related to inflammatory state but also modified ghrelin 18. Thus, the encouraging mechanistic effects of ET on myocardial structural and functional alterations may be attributable to endogenously altered ghrelin and hormonal levels.…”

Soluble CD14 and fracture risk

“…Similarly, this is the first report of a higher frequency of corticosteroid use among those with the highest sCD14 levels, although levels of membrane-bound CD14 have been reported to increase with corticosteroid use [47]. The observation of fewer individuals in the highest quartile of sCD14 able to walk 3 mph or faster is consistent with prior reports of an association between higher physical activity levels and lower levels of circulating CD14+ cells [48]. That higher sCD14 levels were associated with an increased frequency of self-reported Bfair^or Bpoor^health status is consistent with it being a marker of increased inflammation.…”

The role of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in mediating the relationship between central adiposity and immunometabolic profile in postmenopausal women

“…Physically active women also presented a positive association between percentage of body fat and adiponectin, an anti-inflammatory cytokine secreted mainly by adipocytes (28). Although increased body fat attenuates the expression of adiponectin (9), some types of acute physical activity can increase adiponectin levels independently of weight (29)(30)(31)(32), possibly indicating that the anti-inflammatory effect of physical activity overcomes the detrimental effects of excessive fat mass.…”