Exercise Training for Refractory Angina: Improving the Coronary Collateral Circulation

Author’s Reply

“…We agree with Froehlich et al [2] that evidence suggests that collateralisation of the coronary circulation may explain, at least in part, the improvement in symptoms and survival seen in active CAD patients. In our study physical functioning was improved but angina frequency and severity were unchanged.…”

“…We used cardiac rehabilitation in our study as it is a prescribable and reproducible form of exercise that suited the needs of a controlled research study. As Froehlich et al [2] discuss, exercise, or more generally physical activity, is beneficial to the symptoms and survival of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Patients with other cardiovascular pathologies such as heart failure and chest pain syndromes also benefit from exercise [3,4].…”

Irisin Improves Autophagy of Aged Hepatocytes via Increasing Telomerase Activity in Liver Injury

“…Previous studies found that serum irisin levels in the elderly are significantly lower than those in the young [21] and plasma irisin levels are positively correlated with telomerase length, which indicates that irisin can predict telomere length in healthy adults [22]. Exercise can promote the secretion of irisin and reduce the incidence of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases in the elderly [21,23]. However, whether irisin plays a protective role by regulating telomerase activity has not been studied.…”

“…Some studies found that the serum irisin level in the elderly was significantly lower than that in the young [21] and plasma irisin levels are positively correlated with telomerase length, which indicates that irisin can predict telomere length in healthy adults [22]. Additionally, irisin reduces the incidence of age-related atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases in the elderly [23]. Our previous study found that irisin is also related to mitochondrial function in ischemia-reperfusion injury [20].…”

Exercise hormone irisin mitigates endothelial barrier dysfunction and microvascular leakage–related diseases

“…It has been widely reported that regular exercise can improve endothelial function and slow the progression of atherosclerosis (9). Irisin, a newly identified hormone secreted by skeletal muscle during exercise, was initially discovered as a myokine responsible for browning white fat (10).…”