Exercise training enhances muscle mitochondrial metabolism in diet-resistant obesity

Pileggi, Chantal; Blondin, Denis P.; Hooks, Breana G.; Parmar, Gaganvir; Alecu, Irina; Patten, David A.; Cuillerier, Alexanne; O’Dwyer, Conor; Thrush, A. Brianne; Fullerton, Morgan D.; Bennett, Steffany A. L.; Doucet, Éric; Haman, François; Čuperlović-Culf, Miroslava; McPherson, Ruth; Dent, Robert; Harper, Mary‐Ellen

doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104192

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Exercise also has shown to regulate amino acid metabolism, improve muscle oxidative metabolism and reduced insulin resistance in diet-resistant obese humans and mice [31][32][33] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary sucrose, sucralose and probiotic sweetener isomaltooligosaccharide divergently affect exercise induced weight loss and its associated skeletal muscle metabolism

Shi,

Liu,

Duan

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Dietary sweeteners are highly favored by obese people who desire to lose weight and have been considered beneficial for weight maintenance and glucose control, but little is known whether they could affect exercise induced weight loss efficacy and its associated perturbations in skeletal muscles, a key organ playing critical roles glucose homeostasis. In the present study, we found daily drinking sucrose- and sucralose-sweetened water failed to influence the effect of exercise on weight reduction of high-fat-high-sucrose (HFHF) induced obese mice, but remarkably attenuated exercise induced improvements on skeletal muscle morphology, anti-fatigue capacity and glucose metabolism. Probiotic sweetener isomaltooligosaccharide (IMO) augmented beneficial effects of exercise on improving glucose metabolism and skeletal muscle morphology. Skeletal muscle transcriptomics analysis revealed that exercise regulated genes involved in fatty acid metabolism, insulin resistance, inflammation and mTOR signaling pathways. Drinking sucrose and sucralose increased mRNA expressions of Yap, IL-6, TNF-α, Fis1, Cytc, Myh2, Myh4, and protein expressions of IL-6, mTOR, FABP4 while lowered HIF1α, demonstrating their detrimental effects on counteracting exercise induced improvements in muscular functions and fatty acid metabolism. Consistent results were also validated in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells in vitro. Notably, we found that the exercised mice may be resistant to the excessive weight regain and its impaired glucose metabolism. For the first time, our study proved that both sucrose and sucralose could attenuate protection of exercise against muscular inflammation during the weight regain following weight loss. Collectively, our results reinforce that daily drinking of sucrose and sucralose-sweetened water counteracted exercise induced improvements on skeletal muscle metabolism and could be dietary factors favouring weight regain, while IMO to some extent synergistically augmented such benefits.

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“…Exercise also has shown to regulate amino acid metabolism, improve muscle oxidative metabolism and reduced insulin resistance in diet-resistant obese humans and mice [31][32][33] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary sucrose, sucralose and probiotic sweetener isomaltooligosaccharide divergently affect exercise induced weight loss and its associated skeletal muscle metabolism

Shi,

Liu,

Duan

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Additionally, a recent study published in the ‘Lancet’ found higher sarcosine levels in individuals who exhibited resistance to dietary changes following exercise training. This study involved muscle metabolomics combined with MS/MS analysis of plasma amino acids [ 78 ]. Taken together, these findings suggest that sarcosine may play a role in metabolic diseases and provide new evidence highlighting its significance in diabetic skeletal muscles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salbutamol Attenuates Diabetic Skeletal Muscle Atrophy by Reducing Oxidative Stress, Myostatin/GDF-8, and Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in Rats

et al. 2023

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Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disorder that leads to accelerated skeletal muscle atrophy. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of salbutamol (SLB) on skeletal muscle atrophy in high-fat diet (HFD)/streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups (n = 6): control, SLB, HFD/STZ, and HFD/STZ + SLB (6 mg/kg orally for four weeks). After the last dose of SLB, rats were assessed for muscle grip strength and muscle coordination (wire-hanging, rotarod, footprint, and actophotometer tests). Body composition was analyzed in live rats. After that, animals were sacrificed, and serum and gastrocnemius (GN) muscles were collected. Endpoints include myofibrillar protein content, muscle oxidative stress and antioxidants, serum pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β, interleukin-2, and interleukin-6), serum muscle markers (myostatin, creatine kinase, and testosterone), histopathology, and muscle 1H NMR metabolomics. Findings showed that SLB treatment significantly improved muscle strength and muscle coordination, as well as increased lean muscle mass in diabetic rats. Increased pro-inflammatory cytokines and muscle markers (myostatin, creatine kinase) indicate muscle deterioration in diabetic rats, while SLB intervention restored the same. Also, Feret’s diameter and cross-sectional area of GN muscle were increased by SLB treatment, indicating the amelioration in diabetic rat muscle. Results of muscle metabolomics exhibit that SLB treatment resulted in the restoration of perturbed metabolites, including histidine-to-tyrosine, phenylalanine-to-tyrosine, and glutamate-to-glutamine ratios and succinate, sarcosine, and 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) in diabetic rats. These metabolites showed a pertinent role in muscle inflammation and oxidative stress in diabetic rats. In conclusion, findings showed that salbutamol could be explored as an intervention in diabetic-associated skeletal muscle atrophy.

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“…The formation of higher-order supercomplexes (SCs) by complexes I, III, and IV of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) can also help to improve energy transduction efficiency and reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production [ 50 ]. Exercise has been found to enhance mitochondrial function in skeletal muscles, which can lead to improved body composition in women who have undergone minimal weight loss through diet [ 51 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concurrent Aerobic and Strength Training with Caloric Restriction Reduces Insulin Resistance in Obese Premenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial

et al. 2023

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Background and Objectives: Obese premenopausal women are at high risk of developing insulin resistance (IR). Concurrent aerobic and strength training (CAST) has been shown to provide remarkable advantages, yet its effects, along with caloric restriction in such a high-risk population, are not yet established. This study aimed to investigate the impact of concurrent aerobic and strength training with caloric restriction (CAST-CR) on IR in obese premenopausal women. Materials and Methods: Forty-two obese premenopausal women with reported IR, aged 40–50 years, were randomly allocated to either the (CAST-CR) intervention group, who underwent CAST with caloric restriction, or the (AT-CR) control group, who received aerobic training in addition to caloric restriction. Both groups completed 12 weeks of controlled training with equivalent training time. Aerobic training began at 60% and gradually progressed to achieve 75% of the maximum heart rate, while strength training was executed at 50% to 70% of the one-repetition maximum (1RM). Anthropometric measures, abdominal adiposity, metabolic parameters, and homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were evaluated prior to and following the intervention. Results: Both groups experienced a substantial enhancement in the selected parameters compared to the baseline (p < 0.001), with higher improvement within the CAST-CR group. The changes in HOMA-IR were −1.24 (95%CI, −1.37 to −1.12) in the CAST-CR group vs. −1.07 (95%CI, −1.19 to −0.94) in the AT-CR group. Conclusions: While AT-CR improved insulin sensitivity in premenopausal women who were obese and hyperinsulinemic, CAST with calorie restriction improved insulin sensitivity more significantly, suggesting it as a preferable alternative.

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Exercise training enhances muscle mitochondrial metabolism in diet-resistant obesity

Cited by 17 publications

References 85 publications

Dietary sucrose, sucralose and probiotic sweetener isomaltooligosaccharide divergently affect exercise induced weight loss and its associated skeletal muscle metabolism

Dietary sucrose, sucralose and probiotic sweetener isomaltooligosaccharide divergently affect exercise induced weight loss and its associated skeletal muscle metabolism

Salbutamol Attenuates Diabetic Skeletal Muscle Atrophy by Reducing Oxidative Stress, Myostatin/GDF-8, and Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in Rats

Concurrent Aerobic and Strength Training with Caloric Restriction Reduces Insulin Resistance in Obese Premenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial

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