Exercise Training Attenuates Sympathetic Activation and Oxidative Stress in Diet-Induced Obesity

G, Li; Jy, Liu; Hx, Zhang; Q, Li; Sw, Zhang

doi:10.33549/physiolres.932851

Cited by 19 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…This idea is supported by the fact that we found increased antioxidant enzyme activity in the plasma and tissues of the VR rats. These results are in agreement with research which shows that exercise reduces oxidative stress [ 53 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Positive Effects of Voluntary Running on Metabolic Syndrome-Related Disorders in Non-Obese Hereditary Hypertriacylglycerolemic Rats

et al. 2015

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While metabolic syndrome is often associated with obesity, 25% of humans suffering from it are not obese and the effect of physical activity remains unclear in such cases. Therefore, we used hereditary hypertriaclyglycerolemic (HHTg) rats as a unique model for studying the effect of spontaneous physical activity [voluntary running (VR)] on metabolic syndrome-related disorders, such as dyslipidemia, in non-obese subjects. Adult HHTg males were fed standard (CD) or high-sucrose (HSD) diets ad libitum for four weeks. Within both dietary groups, some of the rats had free access to a running wheel (CD+VR, HSD+VR), whereas the controls (CD, HSD) had no possibility of extra physical activity. At the end of the four weeks, we measured the effects of VR on various metabolic syndrome-associated parameters: (i) biochemical parameters, (ii) the content and composition of triacylglycerols (TAG), diacylglycerols (DAG), ceramides and membrane phospholipids, and (iii) substrate utilization in brown adipose tissue. In both dietary groups, VR led to various positive effects: reduced epididymal and perirenal fat depots; increased epididymal adipose tissue lipolysis; decreased amounts of serum TAG, non-esterified fatty acids and insulin; a higher insulin sensitivity index. While tissue ceramide content was not affected, decreased TAG accumulation resulted in reduced and modified liver, heart and skeletal muscle DAG. VR also had a beneficial effect on muscle membrane phospholipid composition. In addition, compared with the CD group, the CD+VR rats exhibited increased fatty acid oxidation and protein content in brown adipose tissue. Our results confirm that physical activity in a non-obese model of severe dyslipidemia has many beneficial effects and can even counteract the negative effects of sucrose consumption. Furthermore, they suggest that the mechanism by which these effects are modulated involves a combination of several positive changes in lipid metabolism.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Positive Effects of Voluntary Running on Metabolic Syndrome-Related Disorders in Non-Obese Hereditary Hypertriacylglycerolemic Rats

et al. 2015

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“…These results corroborates a well-known positive effect of physical exercise on oxidative stress biomarkers. 28 With regard to the antioxidant enzymes, results showed that HFD did not alter SOD activity in the soleus muscle, but reduced this enzyme's activity in the plantaris muscle. The MICT protocol enhanced SOD activity in the soleus muscle and both protocols reversed the decrease in SOD activity caused by HFD in the plantaris muscle of rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Effects of Aerobic Exercise Training on Oxidative Stress in the Skeletal Muscles of Obese Rats

Ulbricht

Lima

Werlang-Coelho

et al. 2019

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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Introduction Obesity is a complex and multifactorial metabolic disorder characterized by the accumulation of body fat; physical exercise increases energy expenditure and promotes a reparative effect through modulation of endogenous antioxidant defenses. Objective To evaluate the effects of the high-fat diet (HFD) on oxidative stress parameters in skeletal muscles of rats using aerobic exercise training protocols (AETP), moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT). Methods The study was quantitative and experimental. Animals received 8 weeks of HFD or normal diet (ND), followed by 9 weeks of HFD or ND and the two AETPs. Results HFD did not alter the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBA-RS), total sulfhydryl and protein carbonyl content in the soleus and plantaris muscles; in contrast, the protocols caused a decrease in TBA-RS levels in the plantaris muscle and increased the sulfhydryl content in the soleus muscle, while MICT increased the sulfhydryl content in the plantaris muscle and reduced protein carbonyl content in both muscles. HFD reduced SOD activity in the plantaris muscle while the MICT protocol enhanced SOD in the soleus muscle and both protocols reversed the decrease in SOD in the plantaris muscle. HFD increased CAT activity in the soleus muscle, the HIIT protocol prevented this alteration and both protocols increased CAT in the plantaris muscle. HFD reduced GSH-Px activity in both muscles, and the MICT protocol prevented this reduction in the soleus muscle, while the HIIT protocol partially prevented this decrease. The MICT protocol did not prevent the reduction of GSH-Px and the HIIT protocol partially prevented this decrease in the plantaris muscle. Conclusions HFD elicited oxidative stress in the skeletal muscle of rats, and both protocols were able to prevent most of the alterations in oxidative stress parameters caused by the HFD. Level of evidence IV; Investigation of treatment outcomes.

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“…This receptor has been implicated in the development of insulin resistance (Shi et al 2006) and reductions in TLR4 protein may be a mechanism for resistance exercise-induced increases in insulin sensitivity (Croymans et al 2013). Relatively few studies have attempted to capture the acute or prolonged effect of exercise on muscle TLR4 protein (Lambert et al 2008;Ghosh et al 2015;Li et al 2015). Twelve weeks of combined endurance and resistance exercise training has been shown to be more effective than diet-induced weight loss at reducing total muscle TLR4 protein content in older adults with obesity (Lambert et al 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered anabolic signalling and reduced stimulation of myofibrillar protein synthesis after feeding and resistance exercise in people with obesity

Beals

Skinner

McKenna

et al. 2018

The Journal of Physiology

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We aimed to determine whether obesity alters muscle anabolic and inflammatory signalling phosphorylation and also muscle protein synthesis within the myofibrillar (MYO) and sarcoplasmic (SARC) protein fractions after resistance exercise. Nine normal weight (NW) (21 ± 1 years, body mass index 22 ± 1 kg m ) and nine obese (OB) (22 ± 1 years, body mass index 36 ± 2 kg m ) adults received l-[ring- C ]phenylalanine infusions with blood and muscle sampling at basal and fed-state of the exercise (EX) and non-exercise (CON) legs. Participants performed unilateral leg extensions and consumed pork (36 g of protein) immediately after exercise. Basal muscle Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) protein was similar between OB and NW groups (P > 0.05) but increased at 300 min after pork ingestion only in the OB group (P = 0.03). Resistance exercise reduced TLR4 protein in the OB group at 300 min (EX vs. CON leg in OB: P = 0.04). Pork ingestion increased p70S6K phosphorylation at 300 min in CON and EX of the OB and NW groups (P > 0.05), although the response was lower in the EX leg of OB vs. NW at 300 min (P = 0.05). Basal MYO was similar between the NW and OB groups (P > 0.05) and was stimulated by pork ingestion in the EX and CON legs in both groups (Δ from basal NW: CON 0.04 ± 0.01% h ; EX 0.10 ± 0.02% h ; OB: CON 0.06 ± 0.01% h ; EX 0.06 ± 0.01% h ; P < 0.05). MYO was more strongly stimulated in the EX vs. CON legs in NW (P = 0.02) but not OB (P = 0.26). SARC was feeding sensitive but not further potentiated by resistance exercise in both groups. Our results suggest that obesity may attenuate the effectiveness of resistance exercise to augment fed-state MYO.

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Exercise Training Attenuates Sympathetic Activation and Oxidative Stress in Diet-Induced Obesity

Cited by 19 publications

References 52 publications

Positive Effects of Voluntary Running on Metabolic Syndrome-Related Disorders in Non-Obese Hereditary Hypertriacylglycerolemic Rats

Positive Effects of Voluntary Running on Metabolic Syndrome-Related Disorders in Non-Obese Hereditary Hypertriacylglycerolemic Rats

Effects of Aerobic Exercise Training on Oxidative Stress in the Skeletal Muscles of Obese Rats

Altered anabolic signalling and reduced stimulation of myofibrillar protein synthesis after feeding and resistance exercise in people with obesity

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