Exercise Therapy in Hypertensive Men

Boyer, John L.

doi:10.1001/jama.1970.03170270071031

Cited by 87 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…19 A few longitudinal studies have demonstrated decreases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure in response to endurance exercise programs, but change in blood pressure documented in most studies is modest. 20 21 The evidence that exercise lowers blood pressure independent of changes in weight and salt intake is not overwhelming. Showing a significant association between blood pressure and fitness has characteristically been much more difficult in normotensive than hypertensive persons.22 In our study, those with a history of hypertension were excluded.…”

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confidence: 99%

Association between coronary heart disease risk factors and physical fitness in healthy adult women.

Gibbons¹,

Blair²,

Cooper³

et al. 1983

Circulation

134

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SUMMARY We examined associations between physical fitness and risk factors for coronary heart disease in healthy women ages 18-65 years. Physical fitness was objectively determined by the duration of a maximal treadmill exercise test. Six physical fitness categories (very poor to superior), specific within 10-year age increments, were established. Mean risk factor levels varied across categories, but so did potential confounders such as age and weight. Multiple linear regression modeling was used to control for the effects of age, weight and year of exam on coronary risk factors. After adjustment, physical fitness was independently associated with triglycerides (p < 0.001), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (p -0.001), total cholesterol/HDL-C ratio (p S 0.001), blood pressure (p si 0.001) and cigarette smoking (p -0.001).IT IS WELL ESTABLISHED that men have a higher incidence of cardiovascular disease than women. Nonetheless, coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death in women (259 deaths/100,000 per year), with women in the United States having high rates compared with the rest of the world.' These statistics belie the relative paucity of research in CHD epidemiology in women. Available data, notably from the Framingham study, support the classic risk factor hypothesis for CHD in women. Women with higher levels of blood cholesterol, high blood pressure, and who smoke cigarettes are more likely to develop CHD than women without these risk factors. aware of any such studies in women. Although the precise role of physical activity in the prevention of CHD is not known, a tenable hypothesis is that more active persons have lower levels of established -risk factors. We previously showed that men who were more physically fit had lower levels of CHD risk than their less physically fit peers.6The purpose of this paper is to examine the association between physical fitness and CHD risk factors in women. We hypothesized that women with higher levels of physical fitness have a lower CHD risk. MethodsMore than 3900 adult women, ages 18-65 years, were examined from 1971 to 1980. Some women received only a treadmill test, but 2854 received a complete physical examination, including CHD risk factor measurements. Most of these women were self-referred for the purpose of physical fitness evaluation, periodic health examination or receiving preventive medical advice. These patients tended to be well educated and from middle to upper socioeconomic strata. More than 99% of the women were white. Data reported in this paper are from the first clinic visit for these

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between coronary heart disease risk factors and physical fitness in healthy adult women.

Gibbons¹,

Blair²,

Cooper³

et al. 1983

Circulation

134

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Each program for the steady and graded exercise groups consisted of 3 weekly work bouts (Lion, 1978) of 12 minutes each (the ergometers are programmed at 12 min) over an 8 week period (Mihevic, 1982;Lion, 1978) with short warm-up and warm-downs before and after each bout. After computing the age-related working heart rate (WHR) (WHR at 70% = (220 -age -resting heart rate (RHR) )70% + RHR, Karvonen, 1959) for each subject (70% was chosen due to significant findings of stress reduction from the works of Andres, Metz, & Drash, 1978;Boyer & Kasch, 1970;and Haskell & Superko, 1984), those in the steady exercise group began a program in which they rode a bicycle ergometer at low resistance at a speed which maintained their heart rate at a 70% WHR level.…”

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confidence: 99%