Exercise Regulates the Immune System

Wang, Jing; Li, Shuqin; Li, Guoping; Xiao, Junjie

doi:10.1007/978-981-15-1792-1_27

Cited by 68 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…Substantial evidence exists concerning the long term effects of exercise and the improvement in adaptive immunity [20]. Though, moderate exercise, in the long run, is found to increase natural killer cell count and downregulate inflammatory factors such as tumour necrosis factors, acute bouts of vigorous exercise over a while may influence these changes negatively.…”

Section: Poor Immune Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Exercise with facemask; Are we handling a devil's sword?” – A physiological hypothesis

2020

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Straying away from a sedentary lifestyle is essential, especially in these troubled times of a global pandemic to reverse the ill effects associated with the health risks as mentioned earlier. In the view of anticipated effects on immune system and prevention against influenza and Covid-19, globally moderate to vigorous exercises are advocated wearing protective equipment such as facemasks. Though WHO supports facemasks only for Covid-19 patients, healthy "social exercisers" too exercise strenuously with customized facemasks or N95 which hypothesized to pose more significant health risks and tax various physiological systems especially pulmonary, circulatory and immune systems. Exercising with facemasks may reduce available Oxygen and increase air trapping preventing substantial carbon dioxide exchange. The hypercapnic hypoxia may potentially increase acidic environment, cardiac overload, anaerobic metabolism and renal overload, which may substantially aggravate the underlying pathology of established chronic diseases. Further contrary to the earlier thought, no evidence exists to claim the facemasks during exercise offer additional protection from the droplet transfer of the virus. Hence, we recommend social distancing is better than facemasks during exercise and optimal utilization rather than exploitation of facemasks during exercise.

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Section: Poor Immune Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Exercise with facemask; Are we handling a devil's sword?” – A physiological hypothesis

2020

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“…Some studies have suggested that the effect of exercise training on the immune system shows a doseresponse relationship, meaning that training variables could determine the effects (Batrakoulis et al, 2019). Some researchers believe that intensity is the only important variable but others have claimed that the influence of training volume, intensity, frequency, exercise selection, exercise variety, sets, reps, rest, and tempo is equally important (Wang et al, 2020). However, intensity does seem to be the most important factor (Goh et al, 2019).…”

Section: General Recommendation On Physical Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity and nutrition guidelines to help with the fight against COVID-19

Khoramipour

Basereh

Hekmatikar

et al. 2020

Journal of Sports Sciences

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As the world is witnessing the epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019, emerging genetics and clinical pieces of evidence suggest a similar immunopathology to those of severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome. Staying at home to prevent the spread of the virus and consequently being largely inactive is associated with unintended consequences. These can actually enhance the infection risk and exacerbate poor health conditions including impaired immune function. Physical activity is a feasible way of improving health, particularly physical and mental health in a time of social isolation. However, people with certain health conditions in these circumstances may need a special physical activity programme in addition to any exercise they may already be performing via online programmes. This review aims to provide practical guidelines during the COVID-19 quarantine period. We suggest performing aerobic, resistance training, respiratory muscle training and yoga in the healthy, and in those with upper respiratory tract illness, patients with lower respiratory tract illness should be restricted to respiratory muscle training and yoga. In addition, vitamins D and C, omega-3 fatty acids, and regular consumption of fruit and vegetables might be considered as nutritional aids to support the immune system in those affected by COVID-19.

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“…Exercise can act like a medicine in the body. Numerous studies have shown that exercise and physical activity can have anti-inflammatory effects [56][57][58][59] and help improve the immune system and increase T cells in the body [56]. For athletes who perform moderate to high-intensity exercises, it is recommended to use liquid carbohydrates during competition to prevent a weakened immune system and increased interleukin-10 level [61].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Exercise on Immunological Indicators during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Hekmatikar

Shamsi

2020

J Arak Uni Med Sci

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Background and Aim: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), as a viral disease, has increasingly highlighted the need for lifelong exercise due to its immunological and physiological effects is necessary on health. In this review study, while examining the effects of moderate-intensity exercise on the physiological and immunological responses associated with COVID-19, appropriate exercise patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic are presented. Methods & Materials: In this study, the search was conducted in Web of Science, Scopus, ISC, PubMed, Google Scholar, MagIran, and Noor databases on related articles using the following keywords: coronavirus, COVID-19, exercise and coronavirus, exercise and immune system, high-intensity exercise and immune system. Ethical Considerations: All ethical principles in writing this article have been observed according to the instructions of the National Ethics Committee and the COPE regulations. Results: Moderate-intensity exercise can help boost the function of the immune system. On the other hand, high-intensity exercise can have negative effects on the immune system, which can be a bad strategy increasing the risk of infectious diseases. Results Moderate-intensity exercise can help boost the function of the immune system. On the other hand, high-intensity exercise can have negative effects on the immune system, which can be a bad strategy increasing the risk of infectious diseases. Conclusion: Due to the onset of the second wave of COVID-19 in the world, it is recommended to continue to exercise at home observing the hygiene rules (maintaining humidity and disinfecting environmental surfaces) and using appropriate intensity and duration.

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Exercise Regulates the Immune System

Cited by 68 publications

References 103 publications

“Exercise with facemask; Are we handling a devil's sword?” – A physiological hypothesis

“Exercise with facemask; Are we handling a devil's sword?” – A physiological hypothesis

Physical activity and nutrition guidelines to help with the fight against COVID-19

Effect of Exercise on Immunological Indicators during the COVID-19 Pandemic

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