Exercise-mediated angiogenesis

Abstract

Highlights Skeletal muscle is heterogeneous in capillary distribution and oxidative demand  The extent of capillarisation is a key predictor of muscle aerobic capacity  Exercise-induced angiogenesis is driven by both chemical and mechanical signals  Simply increasing the number of capillaries may not be an optimal response  Understanding spatial distribution will facilitate the design of specific exercise regimes

Distinct structural and functional angiogenic responses are induced by different mechanical stimuli

“…Specifically, overload-driven angiogenesis skeletal muscle, and that local capillary supply should be quantified to improve assessment of the consequences for microvascular composition in adaptive remodelling, and aid characterization of disease prognosis. 30,34 The potent angiogenic potential of muscle overload and prazosin supplementation was reaffirmed in this study, with comparable increases in C:F to published overload 4,20 and prazosin 35,36 data. Similarly, the dynamic nature of the overload model has been highlighted, where a substantial hypertrophic response presents after the initial angiogenic burst.…”

“…Capillaries were identified using Griffonia simplicifolia lectin‐1 (Vector Laboratories, UK) due to its binding affinity to proteoglycans in the glycocalyx of the microvasculature. Four fields of interest (each 0.145 mm 2 ) were taken across the heterogeneous EDL 30 . Global morphometric indices for capillary supply were calculated (capillary‐to‐fiber ratio, C:F; capillary density, CD).…”

Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training on Body Composition, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Blood Pressure, and Substrate Utilization During Exercise Among Prehypertensive and Hypertensive Patients With Excessive Adiposity

“…Exercise training (with characteristics of being controlled and periodized by intensity, volume, frequency and density) is highly recommended as a non-pharmacological treatment for HTN (Pescatello et al, 2015). Exercise training promotes angiogenesis in the skeletal muscles [i.e., the extension of vasculature from preexisting micro-vessels (Kissane and Egginton, 2019)] and microcirculation is a relevant adaptive mechanism that can contribute to exercise substrate metabolism and oxygen availability during effort (Hoppeler and Weibel, 1998). Thus, considering these exercise benefits at circulatory system, and given that HTN patients usually show a low micro-circulation (Feihl et al, 2006), there is a potential benefits from exercise training in patients with HTN that have been not at all elucidated.…”

Enhanced Blood Supply Through Lower Body Negative Pressure During Slow-Paced, High Load Leg Press Exercise Alters the Response of Muscle AMPK and Circulating Angiogenic Factors

“…Both resistance and endurance exercise have been shown to trigger a response from various MMPs, including the gelatinases ( Rullman et al, 2007 , 2009 ; Urso et al, 2009 ; Suhr et al, 2010 ; Hoier et al, 2012 ; Ross et al, 2014 ). Capillary shear stress and/or wall tension associated with increases in muscle blood flow and mechanical stress caused by sarcomere length changes during muscle contraction and subsequent relaxation are apparently closely linked to angiogenesis ( Hudlicka et al, 1992 ; Prior et al, 2004 ; Kissane and Egginton, 2019 ). Moreover, increased blood flow seems to be one of the more probable stimuli of angiogenesis in exercise-trained muscles ( Brown and Hudlicka, 2003 ).…”