Exercise intervention in brain injury: a pilot randomized study of Tai Chi Qigong

Blake, Holly; Batson, Mindi

doi:10.1177/0269215508101736

Cited by 73 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…One of the most notable improvements was with general mood. These findings are similar to those of Blake and Batson, 28 who conducted an eight-week qigong intervention in a nonmilitary population of individuals with TBI. In this British pilot study, the investigators concluded that individuals who participated in eight weeks of qigong instruction reported improvements in their overall mood as well as self-esteem.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Qigong as a Novel Intervention for Service Members With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Yost

Taylor

2013

EXPLORE

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Purpose:To describe the experience of internal qigong practice in service members diagnosed with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Theoretical Framework:The study used qualitative descriptive phenomenological methods originally described by Husserl and later refined by Giorgi. Methodology:Participants were interviewed about their experiences while learning qigong to determine their level of interest, benefits, and/or adverse effects; ease of learning/performing the routine; and any barriers to practice.Sample: Six service members with mTBI receiving outpatient neurorehabilitation at the Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center-Charlottesville Rehabilitation Center.Intervention: Participants learned Reflective Exercise Qigong, a form of qigong developed specifically to require less complex movement and balance than most forms of qigong, making it ideal for those with potential coordination and balance issues.Data Collection: Semistructured interviews took place after four weeks of formal qigong instruction, then again after the subjects completed eight weeks. Interview data were analyzed with phenomenological methods described by Giorgi.Results: Four themes emerged from the interview data: "the physical experience of qigong," "regaining control," "no pain, a lot of gain," and "barriers to qigong practice." Participants offered examples of how qigong enabled them to control refractory symptoms after mTBI while decreasing reliance on pharmacotherapy. All agreed that qigong was uniquely conducive to the disciplined mindset of military service members and that the simplicity of Reflective Exercise qigong, compared with similar modalities such as tai chi and yoga, was well suited to individuals with decreased balance, cognition, and memory related to mTBI. Key words:Mild traumatic brain injury, mTBI, qigong, reflective exercise, phenomenology, military (Explore 2013; 9:142-149. Published by Elsevier Inc.) INTRODUCTION Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a topic for which its relevance cannot be overstated. Journals, newspapers, magazines, and Web sites reveal new insights and information on the significance of TBI and concussions on a near-daily basis as it pertains to the populations of youth and professional athletes as well as military service members. Studies report that the prevalence of TBI in service members returning from deployment in either Iraq or Afghanistan is as great as 22.8% 1 -a rate for TBI that has caused a call to arms in the military community.It is estimated that 70% of all recent combat-related injuries are the result of a blast 2 and that approximately 60% of these blast exposures may result in a brain injury. 3 The vast majority of battle-related TBIs are mild in nature and may result in symptoms such as headache, depression, memory loss, sleep disturbances, personality changes, anger, communication disorders, cognitive deficits, vestibular disorders, and tinnitus.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Qigong as a Novel Intervention for Service Members With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Yost

Taylor

2013

EXPLORE

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“…In a pilot unblinded RCT, Blake and Batson [51] examined the effects of an 8-week Tai Chi Qigong intervention; Tai Chi Qigong is a form of Tai Chi that has fewer physical and cognitive demands than ordinary Tai Chi. Participants with TBI at a day center were randomly assigned using a computer-generated random number table to receive the intervention (n = 10) or to a control group (n = 10).…”

Section: Tai Chimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There were no significant between-group differences in self-reported and familyreported measures of physical functioning, flexibility, selfesteem, and social support for exercise habits. The study only reported on the immediate effect of the intervention and did not assess long-term effects [51]. Larger, more rigorous clinical trials are needed to fully explore the potential benefits of Tai Chi in individuals with TBI.…”

Section: Tai Chimentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Treating Individuals with Traumatic Brain Injury

Cantor

Gumber

2013

Curr Phys Med Rehabil Rep

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This article presents an overview of the clinical trials literature on complementary and alternative medicine for traumatic brain injury. In searches of PubMed and the Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, trials of acupuncture, acupressure, creatine, homeopathy, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, mindfulness-based practices, music therapy, neurotherapy, Tai Chi, and yoga were identified. Because of the high risk of bias in most of the studies reviewed, the evidence base is inadequate to recommend any specific complementary and alternative medicine treatments for traumatic brain injury, although promising findings were identified for a number of treatments. Safety data on many of the interventions were lacking.

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“…Controlled breathing and concentration can result in greater body awareness [23,28,29]. Improvements in perceived self-efficacy have been observed in both older populations [22,30] and clinical populations [31] and this is significant since self-efficacy may influence participation and exercise adherence [22].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Tai Chi Exercise on Physical and Psychological Health of Older People

Blake¹,

Hawley²

2012

CAS

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Tai Chi is a traditional Chinese form of conditioning exercise derived from martial arts and rooted in eastern philosophy and Chinese Medicine. Based on the inter-relatedness of mind, body and spirit this form of exercise focuses on producing an inner calmness which is thought to have both physical and psychological therapeutic value. This article provides a brief overview of selected current evidence examining the relationship between Tai Chi and physical, neurocognitive and psychosocial outcomes in older people. This is an emerging and growing area of research and improvements have often been reported in health functioning, physical and emotional health, reducing falls, fear of falling and risk of falls, and possibly enhancing cardiovascular functioning in older adults although the effects on bone density, cognitive and immunological functioning are less clear. Results overall are inconsistent and health improvements have not been evident in all studies. Tai Chi is becoming increasingly popular in practice, and more recent evidence is emerging which is based on experimental and longitudinal designs, although many of the proposed benefits of Tai Chi are yet to be validated in large, randomised controlled trials.

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Exercise intervention in brain injury: a pilot randomized study of Tai Chi Qigong

Cited by 73 publications

References 27 publications

Qigong as a Novel Intervention for Service Members With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Qigong as a Novel Intervention for Service Members With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Treating Individuals with Traumatic Brain Injury

Effects of Tai Chi Exercise on Physical and Psychological Health of Older People

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