Exercise influences the impact of polychlorinated biphenyl exposure on immune function

Abstract

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are environmental pollutants and endocrine disruptors, harmfully affecting reproductive, endocrine, neurological and immunological systems. This broad influence has implications for processes such as wound healing, which is modulated by the immunological response of the body. Conversely, while PCBs can be linked to diminished wound healing, outside of PCB pollution systems, exercise has been shown to accelerate wound healing. However, the potential for moderate intensity exercise to modulate or offset the harmful effects of a toxin like PCB are yet unknown. A key aim of the present study was to examine how PCB exposure at different doses (0, 100, 500, 1000 ppm i.p.) altered wound healing in exercised versus non-exercised subgroups of mice. We examined PCB effects on immune function in more depth by analyzing the concentrations of cytokines, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in these wounds inflicted by punch biopsy. Mice were euthanized at Day 3 or Day 5 after PCB injection (n = 3-6) and skin excised from the wound area was homogenized and analyzed for cytokine content. Results revealed that wound healing was not signficantly impacted by either PCB exposure or exercise, but there were patterns of delays in healing that depended on PCB dose. Changes in cytokines were also observed and depended on PCB dose and exercise experience. For example, IL-1β concentrations in Day 5 mice without PCB administration were 33% less in exercised mice than mice not exercised. However, IL-1β concentrations in Day 3 mice administered 100 ppm were 130% greater in exercised mice than not exercisedmice. Changes in the other measured cytokines varied with mainly depressions at lesser PCB doses and elevations at higher doses. Exercise had diverse effects on cytokine levels, but increased cytokine levels in the two greater doses. Explanations for these diverse effects include the use of young animals with more rapid wound healing rates less affected by toxin exposure, as well as PCB-mediated compensatory effects at specific doses which could actually enhance immune function. Future work should examine these interactions in more detail across a developmental time span. Understanding how manipulating the effects of exposure to PLOS ONE |

Is Physical Activity an Efficient Strategy to Control the Adverse Effects of Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Context of Obesity? A Narrative Review

“…Another study reported links between PFASs, leptin and adiponectin but PA did not appear to prevent this alterations [113]. A study also demonstrated the interaction between PA and POPs on inflammatory factors but in the context of wound healing [114]. Nevertheless, this study observed that IL-1β levels, TNFα levels, CCL2 levels and IL-6 levels following PA changed in function of POPs exposure.…”

d‐ribose‐l‐cysteine abrogates testicular maladaptive responses induced by polychlorinated bisphenol intoxication in rats via activation of the mTOR signaling pathway mediating inhibition of apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidonitrergic flux

“…[ 70 ] PCBs administration also resulted in a state of oxidative stress, evident by increased lipid peroxidation and impaired antioxidant buffering capacity, demonstrated by the observed increase in testicular MDA, GSH levels, as well as a decline in glutathione peroxidase (GPx), SOD, and catalase (CAT) activities; this is in tandem with previous studies. [ 17,41,42,71 ] This study revealed that PCBs also caused testicular oxidative DNA damage as evident by increased testicular DNA fragmentation index. The free radicals induced oxidative testicular damage observed was associated with poor sperm quality, possibly due to the susceptibility of the sperm cells to peroxidative damage since they have high concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids as reported by several current evidence.…”

“…The induction of inflammation and oxidative stress by PCBs has been well established. [ 15,17,41,42 ] More so, the therapeutic indication of DRLC supplementation on reproductive potential has been widely documented; [ 17,21–25 ] however, the current study seems to be the first to investigate the effects of DRLC on testicular maladaptive responses.…”

“…During tissue damage, the migration of leukocytes into tissues is determined mainly by TNF-ᾳ, and thus, contributing largely to the progression of inflammation may further lead to the activation of other leukocytes-mediated apoptosis. [41][42][43] The reduction in the level of TNF-ᾳ of rats treated with DRLC revealed its antiinflammatory potential. The observed increased testicular oxidative damage following PCB administration accounts for the raised testicular levels of NO while TNF-α increased testicular caspase 3 activity, and increased testicular DNA fragmentation observed in the study.…”

Is Physical Activity an Efficient Strategy to Control the Adverse Effects of Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Context of Obesity? A Narrative Review

“…Another study reported links between PFASs, leptin, and adiponectin, but PA did not appear to prevent the related alterations [116]. A study also demonstrated the interaction between PA and POPs on inflammatory factors but in the context of wound healing [117]. The study observed that IL-1β levels, TNFα levels, CCL2 levels, and IL-6 levels following PA changed the function of POPs exposure.…”