Exercise induces lipoprotein lipase and GLUT-4 protein in muscle independent of adrenergic-receptor signaling

Greiwe, Jeffrey S.; Holloszy, John O.; Semenkovich, Clay F.

doi:10.1152/jappl.2000.89.1.176

Cited by 82 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…We purposely waited 48 h after the last bout of exercise before conducting our follow-up studies so that we could evaluate the long-term rather than the acute effects of the exercise (26). The TG-lowering effect of exercise is mediated by an increase in lipoprotein lipase in skeletal muscle, and this adaptation appears to require rather vigorous exercise and reverses rapidly (3,22). The BP-lowering effect of exercise is largely a short-term response that is generally lost within 24 h (24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calorie restriction or exercise: effects on coronary heart disease risk factors. A randomized, controlled trial

Fontana

Villareal²,

Weiss³

et al. 2007

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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237

172

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WUMS CALERIE Group. Calorie restriction or exercise: effects on coronary heart disease risk factors. A randomized, controlled trial. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 293: E197-E202, 2007. First published March 27, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00102.2007.-Coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors and the risk of CHD increase with increased adiposity. Fat loss induced by negative energy balance improves all metabolic CHD risk factors. To determine whether fat loss induced by long-term calorie restriction (CR) or increased energy expenditure induced by exercise (EX) has different effects on CHD risk factors in nonobese subjects, we conducted a 1-yr controlled trial involving 48 nonobese subjects who were randomly assigned to one of three groups: CR, 20% CR diet (n ϭ 18); EX, 20% increase in energy expenditure through daily exercise with no increase in energy intake (n ϭ 18); or HL, healthy lifestyle guidelines (n ϭ 10). Subjects were 29 women and 17 men aged 57 Ϯ 3 yr, with BMI 27.3 Ϯ 2.0 kg/m 2 . Assessments included total body fat by DEXA, lipoproteins, blood pressure, HOMA-IR, C-reactive protein (CRP), and estimated 10-yr CHD risk score. Body fat decreased by 6.3 Ϯ 3.8 kg in CR, 5.6 Ϯ 4.4 kg in EX, and 0.4 Ϯ 1.7 kg in HL, which corresponded to reductions of 24.9, 22.3, and 1.2% of baseline body fat mass, respectively. These CR-and EX-induced energy deficits were accompanied by reductions in most of the major CHD risk factors, including plasma LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol/HDL ratio, HOMA-IR index, and CRP concentrations that were similar in the two intervention groups. Data from the present study provide evidence that CR-and EX-induced negative energy balance result in substantial and similar improvements in the major risk factors for CHD in normal-weight and overweight middleaged adults.cholesterol; C-reactive protein; insulin resistance CORONARY HEART DISEASE (CHD) is the major cause of death in the United States (25). The relative risk of CHD and CHD risk factors increase with increased adiposity (2, 12). We (9) have found that surgical removal of large amounts of subcutaneous abdominal fat does not improve the metabolic CHD risk factors associated with obesity. Therefore, it is likely that fat loss induced by negative energy balance, which decreases visceral fat mass and fat cell size, is necessary to achieve metabolic benefits. Negative energy balance can be achieved by reducing energy intake or increasing energy expenditure. It is not known whether long-term negative energy balance induced by exercise alone or by caloric restriction alone is more beneficial in reducing CHD risk factors. However, data from epidemiological and physiological studies suggest that exercise has weight loss-independent benefits on CHD risk (1,4,5,19,21).We conducted a 1-yr randomized, controlled trial in middleaged lean and overweight men and women to evaluate the effect of body fat reduction induced by a 20% increase in energy expenditure alone or by a 20% decrease in energy intake alone on metabolic risk factors for CHD. We hyp...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calorie restriction or exercise: effects on coronary heart disease risk factors. A randomized, controlled trial

Fontana

Villareal²,

Weiss³

et al. 2007

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

Self Cite

237

172

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…While muscular activity has no substantial effect on appetite or caloric intake, 22 physical activity could be important for the regulation of body composition by repartition fuel toward the active site. 23,24 Previous studies have shown that greater physical activity can lead to greater storage of glycogen 2 and triglycerides 25 in the recruited skeletal muscle. Conversely, Simsolo et al 26 demonstrated that the decreased physical activity generates a condition favoring triglyceride partitioning to adipose tissue storage in contrast to skeletal muscle.…”

Section: Detrained Dancers Exhibit Increased Insulin S-y Chen Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of 2-month detraining on body composition and insulin sensitivity in young female dancers

Sy¹,

Chang³

et al. 2005

Int J Obes

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Objective: To investigate the effect of 2-month detraining on body composition and glucose tolerance for female collegiate dancers. Design: Longitudinal study of dancers who stopped their regular training for 2 months. Subjects: 16 female collegiate dancers (age: 19.770.11 year, body mass index (BMI): 20.770.56 kg/m 2 ). Measurements: BMI, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), insulin response during OGTT, and blood lipids at baseline and after a 2-month detraining. Results: Glucose tolerance was not significantly affected by the detraining, but the fasted insulin and insulin levels during OGTT were significantly elevated. Fasted free fatty acid (FFA) and triglyceride levels were significantly elevated without change in cholesterol level. BMI was not significantly altered during this detraining period, but the waist circumference and WHR ratio were significantly elevated. Conclusion: Only a 2-month cessation of regular training in female dancers significantly elevated basal and postprandial insulin levels and triglycerides, and were associated with increased basal FFA. This result appears to be partly related to the increased central fatness but not body mass, indicating that the early development of obesity due to reduced physical activity may not necessarily reflect on weight status. A warning is thus warranted for those young women who depend on weight measurement for body fat status monitoring.

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“…As such, regulation of GLUT4 expression is seen as a potential therapeutic target for the management and treatment of insulin resistance in disorders such as type 2 diabetes. An acute bout of exercise increases GLUT4 transcription (4) and gene (5) and protein expression (6). A binding region on the GLUT4 promoter for the myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF-2) transcription factor is required for this response (7).…”

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confidence: 99%

Exercise and Myocyte Enhancer Factor 2 Regulation in Human Skeletal Muscle

2004

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Overexpression of GLUT4 in skeletal muscle enhances whole-body insulin action. Exercise increases GLUT4 gene and protein expression, and a binding site for the myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF-2) is required on the GLUT4 promoter for this response. However, the molecular mechanisms involved remain elusive. In various cell systems, MEF-2 regulation is a balance between transcriptional repression by histone deacetylases (HDACs) and transcriptional activation by the nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-␥ coactivator 1 (PGC-1), and the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. The purpose of this study was to determine if these same mechanisms regulate MEF-2 in contracting human skeletal muscle. Seven subjects performed 60 min of cycling at ϳ70% of Vo 2peak . After exercise, HDAC5 was dissociated from MEF-2 and exported from the nucleus, whereas nuclear PGC-1 was associated with MEF-2. Exercise increased total and nuclear p38 phosphorylation and association with MEF-2, without changes in total or nuclear p38 protein abundance. This result was associated with p38 sequence-specific phosphorylation of MEF-2 and an increase in GLUT4 mRNA. Finally, we found no role for NFAT in MEF-2 regulation. From these data, it appears that HDAC5, PGC-1, and p38 regulate MEF-2 and could be potential targets for modulating GLUT4 expression.

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Exercise induces lipoprotein lipase and GLUT-4 protein in muscle independent of adrenergic-receptor signaling

Cited by 82 publications

References 36 publications

Calorie restriction or exercise: effects on coronary heart disease risk factors. A randomized, controlled trial

Calorie restriction or exercise: effects on coronary heart disease risk factors. A randomized, controlled trial

Effect of 2-month detraining on body composition and insulin sensitivity in young female dancers

Exercise and Myocyte Enhancer Factor 2 Regulation in Human Skeletal Muscle

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