Exercise-Induced Mitohormesis for the Maintenance of Skeletal Muscle and Healthspan Extension

Musci, Robert V.; Hamilton, Karyn L.; Linden, Melissa A.

doi:10.3390/sports7070170

Cited by 48 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 142 publications

(181 reference statements)

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“…The cellular antioxidant capacity is stimulated by low ROS levels that promote an adaptation mechanism leading to increased expression of the detoxifying enzymes and accumulation of antioxidant molecules (see the Exercise Counteracts Cachexia Modulating the Redox Homeostasis section for further details). Among the signaling regulatory factors that sense intracellular ROS, the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-jB), the activator protein-1 (AP-1), the heat shock transcriptional factor-1 (HSF-1), and the nuclear respiratory factor (Nrf)2 regulate several muscle homeostatic processes and trigger the increased expression of antioxidant enzymes (84).…”

Section: Role Of Oxidative Stress In Muscle Wasting and Dysfunctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whereas regular and nonstrenuous exercise leads to low ROS production inducing metabolic adaptations poised to improve muscle function, strenuous exercise leads to excessive ROS levels, resulting in muscle damage (119). Among the adaptations induced by regular exercise, the reduction of systemic inflammation, the improvement of mitochondrial function, and the increase of the antioxidant defenses play a pivotal role in modulating the muscle redox homeostasis (84,116), producing a potentially anticachexia response.…”

Section: Exercise Counteracts Cachexia Modulating the Redox Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As described in the Mitochondria as Pivotal Elements in Muscle Oxidative Stress section, mitochondrial homeostasis is severely impaired in the skeletal muscle of cachectic subjects, leading to increased ROS production that in turn leads to mitochondrial damage in a vicious cycle (32). In this regard, exercise modulates mitochondrial homeostasis impinging on biogenesis, function, and disposal, likely contributing to improve mitochondrial fitness and reducing oxidative stress (84), see Figure 5.…”

Section: Exercise Counteracts Cachexia Modulating the Redox Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Redox Balance: A Target for Interventions Against Muscle Wasting in Cancer Cachexia?

Penna

Ballarò

Costelli

2020

Antioxidants & Redox Signaling

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Significance: The management of cancer patients is frequently complicated by the occurrence of a complex syndrome known as cachexia. It is mainly characterized by muscle wasting, a condition that associates with enhanced protein breakdown and with negative energy balance. While the mechanisms underlying cachexia have been only partially elucidated, understanding the pathogenesis of muscle wasting in cancer hosts is mandatory to design new targeted therapeutic strategies. Indeed, most of cancer patients will experience cachexia during the course of their disease, and about 25% of cancer-related deaths are due to this syndrome, rather than to the tumor itself. Recent Advances: Compelling evidence suggests that an altered redox homeostasis likely contributes to cancerinduced muscle protein depletion, directly or indirectly activating the intracellular degradative pathways. In addition, oxidative stress impinges on both mitochondrial number and function; the other way round, altered mitochondria lead to enhanced redox imbalance, creating a vicious loop that eventually results in negative energy metabolism. Critical Issues: The present review focuses on the possibility that pharmacological and nonpharmacological strategies able to restore a physiologic redox balance could be useful components of treatment schedules aimed at counteracting cancer-induced muscle wasting. Future Directions: Exercise and the use of exercise mimetic drugs represent the most promising approaches capable of reinforcing the muscle antioxidant defenses of cancer patients. The results from ongoing and new clinical trials are needed to validate the preclinical studies and provide effective therapies for cancer cachexia.

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Section: Role Of Oxidative Stress In Muscle Wasting and Dysfunctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Exercise Counteracts Cachexia Modulating the Redox Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Exercise Counteracts Cachexia Modulating the Redox Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Redox Balance: A Target for Interventions Against Muscle Wasting in Cancer Cachexia?

Penna

Ballarò

Costelli

2020

Antioxidants & Redox Signaling

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“…Exercise is widely known to improve mitochondrial health, potentially by providing a hormetic challenge that induces mitochondrial biogenesis [10]. Another potential intervention strategy for enhancing the metabolic flexibility of the mitochondria is intermittent fasting (IF), or more specifically, time-restricted feeding (TRF) [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of Adherence in Time-Restricted Feeding in Older Adults: Lessons from a Pilot Study

et al. 2020

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Time-restricted feeding (TRF) is a type of intermittent fasting in which no calories are commonly consumed for approximately 12–18 hours on a daily basis. The health benefits of this eating pattern have been shown in overweight adults, with improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors as well as the preservation of lean mass during weight loss. Although TRF has been well studied in younger and middle-aged adults, few studies have evaluated the effects of TRF in older adults. Thus, the goal of this study was to evaluate older-adult perspectives regarding the real-world advantages, disadvantages, and challenges to adopting a TRF eating pattern among participants aged 65 and over. A four-week single-arm pre- and post-test design was used for this clinical pilot trial TRF intervention study. Participants were instructed to fast for approximately 16 h per day with the daily target range between 14 and 18 h. Participants were provided with the TRF protocol at a baseline visit, along with a pictorial guide that depicted food items and beverages that were allowed and not allowed during fasting windows to reinforce that calorie-containing items were to be avoided. The trial interventionist called each participant weekly to promote adherence, review the protocol, monitor for adverse events, and provide support and guidance for any challenges faced during the intervention. Participants were instructed to complete daily eating time logs by recording the times at which they first consumed calories and when they stopped consuming calories. At the end of the intervention, participants completed an exit interview and a study-specific Diet Satisfaction Survey (Table 1) to assess their satisfaction, feasibility, and overall experience with the study intervention. Of the 10 participants who commenced the study (mean age = 77.1 y; 6 women, 4 men), nine completed the entire protocol. Seven of the ten participants reported easy adjustment to a 16-hour fast and rated the difference from normal eating patterns as minimal. Eight participants reported no decrease in energy during fasting periods, with greater self-reported activity levels in yardwork and light exercise. Adverse events were rare, and included transient headaches, which dissipated with increased water intake, and dizziness in one participant, which subsided with a small snack. The findings of the current trial suggest that TRF is an eating approach that is well tolerated by most older adults. Six participants, however, did not fully understand the requirements of the fasting regimen, despite being provided with specific instructions and a pictorial guide at a baseline visit. This suggests that more instruction and/or participant contact is needed in the early stages of a TRF intervention to promote adherence.

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“…This assumption is made upon the mitohormesis theory. The sublethal stress promoted by gestational CR and consequent improved mitochondrial function observed in latter ages may lead to life span extension and global health improvement (Musci et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive effects of gestational caloric restriction in the mitochondria of Wistar rats' brain: A DOHaD approach

Stone

August

Crestani

et al. 2019

Intl J of Devlp Neuroscience

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Developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) is a ield of biological science dedicated to investigating how diferent interventions during development afect an individual's life. Diet is an essential way to interact with the environment, and during pregnancy afects not only the mother but also can impact the next generations. One of these interventions is caloric restriction (CR), which has shown positive redox modulation in rats' ofspring when malnutrition is responsibly controlled. Considering that mitochondrial metabolism is determinant for redox status, we investigated parameters related to mitochondrial functionality and reactive species levels in ofspring's brain from rats delivered to pregnant caloric restricted dams. Therefore, pregnant rats were divided between control (ad libitum food) and CR (20% food restriction plus micronutrients supplementation) groups, and ofspring's brain was analyzed on post-natal days (PND) 0, 7, 21, and 60. Mitochondrial function, as well as superoxide content, were decreased in most brain areas on PND0 and went through adaptation, showing increased mass and membrane potential in adulthood. Concerning mitochondrial electron transport system (METS), the most afected area was the cerebellum, which was impaired at birth and activated at adulthood. In conclusion, our results show that gestational CR promotes adaptation from impaired mitochondrial parameters at birth, improving mitochondrial function when compared to control, without increasing superoxide generation, at adult age. More studies are necessary in order to support the use of CR as a clinical approach.

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Exercise-Induced Mitohormesis for the Maintenance of Skeletal Muscle and Healthspan Extension

Cited by 48 publications

References 142 publications

The Redox Balance: A Target for Interventions Against Muscle Wasting in Cancer Cachexia?

The Redox Balance: A Target for Interventions Against Muscle Wasting in Cancer Cachexia?

Determinants of Adherence in Time-Restricted Feeding in Older Adults: Lessons from a Pilot Study

Adaptive effects of gestational caloric restriction in the mitochondria of Wistar rats' brain: A DOHaD approach

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