Exercise-induced increase in muscle insulin sensitivity

Holloszy, John O.

doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00123.2005

Cited by 375 publications

(296 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…2017). More pertinent to studies conducted in this report is that exercise increases skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity by poorly understood local changes in insulin action and GLUT4 functionality (Holloszy 2005; Maarbjerg et al. 2011; Cartee 2015b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Exercise training prevents skeletal muscle plasma membrane cholesterol accumulation, cortical actin filament loss, and insulin resistance in C57BL/6J mice fed a western-style high-fat diet

et al. 2017

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Insulin action and glucose disposal are enhanced by exercise, yet the mechanisms involved remain imperfectly understood. While the causes of skeletal muscle insulin resistance also remain poorly understood, new evidence suggest excess plasma membrane (PM) cholesterol may contribute by damaging the cortical filamentous actin (F‐actin) structure essential for GLUT4 glucose transporter redistribution to the PM upon insulin stimulation. Here, we investigated whether PM cholesterol toxicity was mitigated by exercise. Male C57BL/6J mice were placed on low‐fat (LF, 10% kCal) or high‐fat (HF, 45% kCal) diets for a total of 8 weeks. During the last 3 weeks of this LF/HF diet intervention, all mice were familiarized with a treadmill for 1 week and then either sham‐exercised (0 m/min, 10% grade, 50 min) or exercised (13.5 m/min, 10% grade, 50 min) daily for 2 weeks. HF‐feeding induced a significant gain in body mass by 3 weeks. Sham or chronic exercise did not affect food consumption, water intake, or body mass gain. Prior to sham and chronic exercise, “pre‐intervention” glucose tolerance tests were performed on all animals and demonstrated that HF‐fed mice were glucose intolerant. While sham exercise did not affect glucose tolerance in the LF or HF mice, exercised mice showed an improvement in glucose tolerance. Muscle from sham‐exercised HF‐fed mice showed a significant increase in PM cholesterol, loss of cortical F‐actin, and decrease in insulin‐stimulated glucose transport compared to sham‐exercised LF‐fed mice. These HF‐fed skeletal muscle membrane/cytoskeletal abnormalities and insulin resistance were improved in exercised mice. These data reveal a new therapeutic aspect of exercise being regulation of skeletal muscle PM cholesterol homeostasis. Further studies on this mechanism of insulin resistance and the benefits of exercise on its prevention are needed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Exercise training prevents skeletal muscle plasma membrane cholesterol accumulation, cortical actin filament loss, and insulin resistance in C57BL/6J mice fed a western-style high-fat diet

et al. 2017

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“…The acute exerciseinduced improvement in insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake of skeletal muscles seems to be related to changes in insulin signaling in response to muscle contraction, such as increased translocation of GLUT4 (glucose transporter type 4) glucose transporters to cell surface. 19,[46][47][48] The effect is short lived (up to 48 h), and this is the reason to suggest that exercise should be practiced on a daily basis. Effects on body composition are clearly an important mechanism by which exercise training improves insulin sensitivity over the long term.…”

Section: Physiopathological Basis Of the Msmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity as the main therapeutic tool for metabolic syndrome in childhood

Brambilla¹,

Pozzobon

Pietrobelli

2010

Int J Obes

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Physical activity (PA) and diet directly influence obesity and metabolic syndrome (MS) as important determinants of body composition. Understanding how PA relates to MS in youth is of great importance, and could offer a common strategy for clinical and public health approaches to control this condition. The underlying disorder of MS is a condition of insulin resistance, and a strong relationship between PA level and insulin sensitivity is clearly ascertained. The type, duration, frequency and intensity of PA affect fuel metabolism, in particular carbohydrate and lipid oxidation. The possible modulation of metabolism because of increased fat oxidation by PA is the basis for both prevention and restoration of insulin resistance and MS in obese children. In daily clinical practice, diet followed by pharmacologic treatment are usually the approaches taken, whereas PA is often considered just a suggestion. Although diet and PA have different effects on body composition, with both contributing to fat loss, only PA increases muscle mass and thus has a direct effect on metabolic function, expressed by changes in cardiovascular risk factors. Therefore, it is important to remember their complementary but different targets in daily clinical practice, such as body weight control for diet and metabolic health for PA. In this review, we have summarized the literature on the relationship between PA and MS in pediatrics. Then, we have analyzed the possibility of using PA for MS treatment, as an alternative to drugs, by discussing the results of intervention studies, reasons for low compliance to PA, related benefits, adherence difficulties and costs. Finally, we have tried to suggest recommendations for a multiple-step PA strategy in children and adolescents at risk for MS, by considering PA as the 'key' player in treatment.

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“…21 Regular physical activity is particularly beneficial in individuals with insulin-resistant conditions, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. 22 Although the post-exercise increase in muscle insulin sensitivity has been characterized in considerable detail, the basic mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain a mystery. 22,23 In summary, our findings hint at a long-term regulation of serum sTfR concentration by insulin sensitivity.…”

Section: Groupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…22 Although the post-exercise increase in muscle insulin sensitivity has been characterized in considerable detail, the basic mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain a mystery. 22,23 In summary, our findings hint at a long-term regulation of serum sTfR concentration by insulin sensitivity. These findings need to be considered when evaluating iron status in obesity.…”

Section: Groupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating soluble transferrin receptor concentration decreases after exercise-induced improvement of insulin sensitivity in obese individuals

et al. 2009

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Background: Circulating soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) has been recently found to be associated negatively with insulin sensitivity. Objective: To evaluate circulating sTfR concentration after changing insulin sensitivity in obese individuals. Design: Circulating sTfR concentration was evaluated after diet-induced weight loss in obese women (diet (D) group, n ¼ 8); after diet-induced weight loss plus resistance training (D þ RT group, n ¼ 11); and after follow-up without weight loss (control (C) group, n ¼ 7). Results: After 16 weeks, insulin sensitivity (HOMA (Homeostasis Model Assessment) value) significantly improved in parallel to weight loss (À7.3%) and reduced total fat mass (evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging) in the D group. Thigh muscle mass decreased significantly (P ¼ 0.03). Serum sTfR concentration did not change significantly. In the D þ RT group, weight loss (À8.7%) and improvement of insulin sensitivity were of similar magnitude. Thigh muscle mass was preserved (P ¼ 0.8). Serum sTfR concentration decreased significantly (P ¼ 0.001). Interestingly, higher the thigh muscle volume after weight loss, higher the decrease in circulating sTfR concentration. We also found that higher the increases in leg force at week 16, higher the decrease in circulating sTfR concentration in all individuals as a whole. No significant changes were observed in insulin sensitivity, sTfR concentration or thigh muscle mass in the C group. Conclusion: These findings suggest a long-term regulation of serum sTfR concentration by exercise-induced improvement of insulin sensitivity in obese individuals.

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Exercise-induced increase in muscle insulin sensitivity

Abstract: Holloszy, John O. Exercise-induced increase in muscle insulin sensitivity.

Cited by 375 publications

References 72 publications

Exercise training prevents skeletal muscle plasma membrane cholesterol accumulation, cortical actin filament loss, and insulin resistance in C57BL/6J mice fed a western-style high-fat diet

Exercise training prevents skeletal muscle plasma membrane cholesterol accumulation, cortical actin filament loss, and insulin resistance in C57BL/6J mice fed a western-style high-fat diet

Physical activity as the main therapeutic tool for metabolic syndrome in childhood

Circulating soluble transferrin receptor concentration decreases after exercise-induced improvement of insulin sensitivity in obese individuals

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