Exercise-induced galanin release facilitated GLUT4 translocation in adipocytes of type 2 diabetic rats

Liang, Yan; Sheng, Shudong; Fang, Penghua; Ma, Yinping; Li, Jian; Shi, Qiaojia; Sui, Yumei; Shi, Mingyi

doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2011.10.026

Cited by 50 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp test is a direct method to assess insulin sensitivity of subjects. An elevated glucose infusion rate in the clamp test indicates a development of insulin sensitivity (Liang et al 2012). The 2DG taken into cells is phosphorylated to 2DG-6-phosphate, which cannot be further metabolized through subsequent steps of glycolysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…to plasma membranes of myocytes is crucial for regulating glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity (Liang et al 2012). The maximal glucose clearance activity by skeletal muscle is directly proportional to the GLUT4 concentration in plasma membranes (Geiger et al 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fourth, galaninknockout mice experienced impaired glucose disposal resulting from a reduction in insulin response and insulin-independent glucose elimination during the glucose tolerance tests (Ahrén et al 2004), while the homozygous galanin transgenic C57BL/6J mice with the obese phenotype showed reduced energy expenditure and enhanced insulin sensitivity (Poritsanos et al 2009). Finally, administration of M35, a galanin antagonist, reduced Glut4 (Slc2a4) mRNA and GLUT4 protein expression levels in the plasma membranes of myocytes and adipocytes, as well as glucose infusion rates in a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp test, which was a direct assessment of insulin sensitivity in subjects (Guo et al 2011, Liang et al 2012. These results indicate that galanin is an important hormone for elevating insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake, and that T2DM results from impairment of the functions of both galanin and insulin in the regulation of blood glucose homeostasis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Combined galanin with insulin improves insulin sensitivity of diabetic rat muscles

Yao

Liu

et al. 2014

Journal of Endocrinology

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Although administration of galanin or insulin alone may enhance insulin sensitivity and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) trafficking, their cooperative effect on insulin sensitivity is still unclear. In the present study, we evaluated the cooperative effect of both reagents compared with solitary treatment with galanin or insulin in type 2 diabetic rats. Galanin and/or insulin were injected singly or together into type 2 diabetic rats once a day for 15 days. The results indicated that coadministration of both reagents compared with treatment with galanin or insulin alone significantly increased glucose infusion rates in euglycemichyperinsulinemic clamp tests, 2-deoxy-[3 H]D-glucose contents, GLUT4 densities, and pAS160and protein kinase C activity levels, but reduced blood glucose and insulin levels, as well as retinol-binding protein 4 contents, and did not affect Glut4 (Slc2a4) mRNA expression levels in myocytes. The changes in the ratios of GLUT4 immunoreaction in plasma membranes to total cell membranes of myocytes were higher in the coadministrative group compared with either the insulin or the galanin group. These results indicate that cooperation of the two hormones plays a synergic role to improve GLUT4 translocation and insulin sensitivity. This finding indicates the possibility of combining galanin with insulin with the aim of obtaining better antidiabetic efficacy than that of the canonical treatment with insulin alone.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Combined galanin with insulin improves insulin sensitivity of diabetic rat muscles

Yao

Liu

et al. 2014

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…Exercise decreased insulin resistance and significantly elevated plasma galanin levels in these rats (Jiang et al, 2009;Guo et al, 2011;He et al, 2011;Liang et al, 2012). However, exercise alone seems not to be sufficient to increase plasma galanin levels in rats, and the effect also requires glucose (Milot and Trudeau, 1997).…”

Section: A Glucose Metabolism and Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Data from several studies suggest galanin reduces insulin resistance by increasing glucose transporter 4 154 content in skeletal muscle cells and adipocytes of healthy and type 2 diabetic rats (Jiang et al, 2009;Guo et al, 2011;He et al, 2011;Fang et al, 2012b;Liang et al, 2012). Exercise decreased insulin resistance and significantly elevated plasma galanin levels in these rats (Jiang et al, 2009;Guo et al, 2011;He et al, 2011;Liang et al, 2012).…”

Section: A Glucose Metabolism and Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Physiology, Signaling, and Pharmacology of Galanin Peptides and Receptors: Three Decades of Emerging Diversity

et al. 2014

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Blocking central galanin receptors attenuates insulin sensitivity in myocytes of diabetic trained rats

Liu

Zou

et al. 2013

J of Neuroscience Research

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Galanin (Gal), a bioactive neuropeptide, is widely distributed throughout the central nervous system and has diverse modulatory effects. To understand the central effect of this training-stimulatory peptide on insulin sensitivity, its antagonist M35 was injected into the cerebral ventricle in type 2 diabetic rats. A treadmill running of the rats was used to stimulate circulating Gal secretion and central Gal mRNA expression. The results showed that M35 significantly decreased glucose infusion rates in euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp tests as well as 2-deoxy-[(3) H]D-glucose uptake and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α expression levels in skeletal muscles. M35 also attenuated glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) concentration in plasma membranes and total cell membranes of myocytes, and the ratios of the GLUT4 contents in the former to the latter in M35 groups were lower than those of each diabetic control. These results imply that endogenous Gal, acting through its central receptor, may facilitate GLUT4 translocation from cytoplasm vesicles to cellular surface of myocytes to accelerate glucose uptake and to enhance insulin sensitivity in healthy and type 2 diabetic rats. Gal and its relative agents are potential targets for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications.

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Exercise-induced galanin release facilitated GLUT4 translocation in adipocytes of type 2 diabetic rats

Cited by 50 publications

References 28 publications

Combined galanin with insulin improves insulin sensitivity of diabetic rat muscles

Combined galanin with insulin improves insulin sensitivity of diabetic rat muscles

Physiology, Signaling, and Pharmacology of Galanin Peptides and Receptors: Three Decades of Emerging Diversity

Blocking central galanin receptors attenuates insulin sensitivity in myocytes of diabetic trained rats

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