Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction

Gotshall, Robert W.

doi:10.2165/00003495-200262120-00003

Cited by 102 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Exercise and physical training can trigger bronchoconstriction, causing symptoms of EIB in 80 -90% of people with asthma, 1 and it has been shown that 10% of the population without asthma may experience symptoms related to EIB. 2,3 Moreover, previous studies reported that EIB was 3-5 times more prevalent in athletes when compared with the general population. [4][5][6] Morbidity associated with EIB is speculated to originate from reoccurring episodes of inflammation during repeated bouts of exercise, leading to airway remodeling and chronic irreversible airway obstruction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Prevalence of Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction Measured by Standardized Testing in Healthy College Athletes

et al. 2016

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BACKGROUND: Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) can lead to long-term respiratory illness and even death. EIB prevalence rates are both high and variable in college athletes. Prevalence rates may be underestimated due to ineffective testing and screening. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of EIB in college athletes by a standardized EIB test that can be used on many college campuses. In addition, we assessed the usefulness of self-reporting EIB/asthma (1) history, (2) symptoms, and (3) respiratory medication obtained from a simple screening questionnaire for predicting an EIB-positive athlete. METHODS: A standardized EIB test and self-report questionnaire were administered to college athletes on 10 different sports teams. Information collected included pulmonary function (spirometry), expired gas analysis (maximal oxygen uptake), CO 2 production, minute ventilation, EIB/asthma history, current symptoms, and medication use. RESULTS: Results showed that 34 of 80 athletes (42.5%) were EIB-positive by standardized exercise testing. The majority (76.5 and 58.8%) of the 34 athletes who tested positive self-reported a negative history or no symptoms, respectively. Also, 79.4% of the athletes who tested positive for EIB reported not using a respiratory medication. There were no significant differences in a positive EIB test when assessing interactions for history (P ‫؍‬ .93), current symptoms (P ‫؍‬ .12), or respiratory medication use (P ‫؍‬ .66). CONCLUSIONS: A high proportion of college athletes tested positive for EIB when using a standardized test. Positive history, current symptoms of EIB/asthma, and respiratory medication use were not predictive of a positive test. Many EIB-positive athletes are not using a respiratory medication. More work is needed to develop an effective screening tool and improve education for EIB in college athletes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Prevalence of Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction Measured by Standardized Testing in Healthy College Athletes

et al. 2016

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“…This kind of bronchoconstriction also affects 80-90% of individuals with asthma and approximately 11% of the general population without asthma [54]. E.I.B.…”

Section: Exercise Induced Asthma (Eia) or Exercise Induced Bronchocmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…are β 2 -agonists [54]. Taken 15 minutes before the ex- ercise these compounds reduce the fall of the lung function and protect the athletes for some hours.…”

Section: Treatment Before Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

Doping and Respiratory System

Casali

Pinchi

Puxeddu

2016

Monaldi Arch Chest Dis

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Historically many different drugs have been used to enhance sporting performances. The magic elixir is still elusive and the drugs are still used despite the heavy adverse effects. The respiratory system is regularly involved in this research probably because of its central location in the body with several connections to the cardiovascular system. Moreover people are aware that O2 consumption and its delivery to mitochondria firstly depend on ventilation and on the respiratory exchanges. The second step consists in the tendency to increase V’O2 max and to prolong its availability with the aim of improving the endurance time and to relieve the fatigue. Many methods and substances had been used in order to gain an artificial success. Additional oxygen, autologous and homologous transfusion and erithropoietin, mainly the synthetic type, have been administered with the aim of increasing the amount of oxygen being delivered to the tissues. Some compounds like stimulants and caffeine are endowed of excitatory activity on the CNS and stimulate pulmonary ventilation. They did not prove to have any real activity in supporting the athletic performances. Beta-adrenergic drugs, particularly clenbuterol, when administered orally or parentherally develop a clear illicit activity on the myosin fibres and on the muscles as a whole. Salbutamol, terbutaline, salmeterol and formoterol are legally admitted when administrated by MDI in the treatment of asthma. The prevalence of asthma and bronchial hyperactivity is higher in athletes than amongst the general population. This implies that clear rules must be provided to set a correct diagnosis of asthma in the athletes and a correct therapy to align with the actual guidelines according to the same rights of the “other” asthmatic patients.

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“…Some patients with asthma will only have symptoms with exercise, so confirming that no symptoms or decrease in pulmonary function occur at rest is paramount in guiding treatment [3]. Anywhere from 80 %-90 % of patients with chronic EIA and 10 %-40 % of patients with allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis will have EIB [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dyspneic athlete

Krey

Best

2014

Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med

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Breathing concerns in athletes are common and can be due to a wide variety of pathology. The most common etiologies are exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) and paradoxic vocal fold movement disorder (PVFMD). Although some patients may have both, PVFMD is often misdiagnosed as EIB, which can lead to unnecessary treatment. The history and physical exam are important to rule out life threatening pulmonary and cardiac causes as well as common conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease, sinusitis, and allergic etiologies. The history and physical exam have been shown to be not as vital in diagnosing EIB and PVFMD. Improvement in diagnostic testing with office base spirometry, bronchoprovocation testing, eucapnic voluntary hyperpnea (EVH) and video laryngoscopy are essential in properly diagnosing these conditions. Accurate diagnosis leads to proper management, which is essential to avoid unnecessary testing and save healthcare costs. Also important to the physician treating dyspnea in athletes is knowing regulations on medications, drug testing, and proper documentation needed for certain organizations. The differential diagnosis of dyspnea is broad and is not limited to EIB and PVFMD. Ruling out life threatening cardiac and pulmonary causes with a proper history, physical, and appropriate testing is essential. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent literature on the diagnosis and management of EIB and PVFMD as well as discuss other potential causes for dyspnea in the athlete.

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Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction

Cited by 102 publications

References 72 publications

Prevalence of Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction Measured by Standardized Testing in Healthy College Athletes

Prevalence of Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction Measured by Standardized Testing in Healthy College Athletes

Doping and Respiratory System

Dyspneic athlete

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