Exercise induced asthma in children and adolescents and the relationship to sports

Carlsen, Kai‐Håkon

doi:10.1111/j.1399-3038.1998.tb00369.x

Cited by 18 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Exercise-induced asthma (EIA) has been recognized as one major manifestation of untreated asthma [4] with physical activity acknowledged as a powerful trigger of asthmatic disease [3, 5]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predicted Aerobic Capacity of Asthmatic Children: A Research Study from Clinical Origin

Lochte

2012

Pulmonary Medicine

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Objective. To compare longitudinally PAC of asthmatic children against that of healthy controls during ten months. Methods. Twenty-eight asthmatic children aged 7–15 years and 27 matched controls each performed six submaximal exercise tests on treadmill, which included a test of EIA (exercise-induced asthma). Predicted aerobic capacity (mLO2/min/kg) was calculated. Spirometry and development were measured. Physical activity, medication, and “ever asthma/current asthma” were reported by questionnaire. Results. Predicted aerobic capacity of asthmatics was lower than that of controls (P = 0.0015) across observation times and for both groups an important increase in predicted aerobic capacity according to time was observed (P < 0.001). FEV1 of the asthmatic children was within normal range. The majority (86%) of the asthmatics reported pulmonary symptoms to accompany their physical activity. Physical activity (hours per week) showed important effects for the variation in predicted aerobic capacity at baseline (F = 2.28, P = 0.061) and at the T4 observation (F = 3.03, P = 0.027) and the analyses showed important asthma/control group effects at baseline, month four, and month ten. Physical activity of the asthmatics correlated positively with predicted aerobic capacity. Conclusion. The asthmatic children had consistently low PAC when observed across time. Physical activity was positively associated with PAC in the asthmatics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The comprehensive psychosocial variables included attitudes towards exercise. Asthmatic children have demonstrated negative attitudes towards physical activity [6] to be influenced by the limitations that they experienced in safely and unrestrictedly to join physical activities [5]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicted Aerobic Capacity of Asthmatic Children: A Research Study from Clinical Origin

Lochte

2012

Pulmonary Medicine

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“…The exercise challenge test was regarded as positive when there was auscultatory wheezing present after the exercise and/or a Ն15% fall in FEV 1 . 11 Asthma was considered to be present when 1) the patient was on continuous maintenance medication for asthma or when 2) she or he had had repeated (Ն2) episodes of wheezing and/or prolonged (Ն4 weeks) cough apart from infection during the preceding 12 months and the exercise challenge test was regarded as positive. 12 The allergens tested by SPTs were (the outdoor allergens) birch, common alder, timothy grass, meadow grass, and mugwort pollens and spores of Cladosporium herbarum; and (the indoor allergens) cat and dog epithelial dander and home dust mites Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and D farinae.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allergen-Specific Immunoglobulin E Antibodies in Wheezing Infants: The Risk for Asthma in Later Childhood

Kotaniemi‐Syrjänen¹,

Reijonen²,

Romppanen³

et al. 2003

PEDIATRICS

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ABSTRACT. Objective. To evaluate whether the measurement of specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies to food and/or inhalant allergens in infants who are hospitalized for wheezing can be used to predict later asthma.Methods. Eighty-two children who were hospitalized for wheezing at <2 years of age were followed prospectively until early school age. The baseline data and the characteristics of infancy had been collected at enrollment. At school age, the children were evaluated for asthma and allergic manifestations, including skin prick tests to common inhalant allergens. Frozen serum samples obtained during the index episode of wheezing were available for 80 children for determination of food and inhalant allergen-specific serum IgE antibodies by fluoroenzyme-immunometric assay, UniCAP, applying the Phadiatop Combi allergen panel.Results. Asthma was present in 32 (40%) children at school age. Food-specific IgE antibodies of >0.35 kU/L were found in 37 (46%) wheezing infants, but only specific IgE to wheat and to egg white at the level of >0.35 kU/L were significantly associated with later asthma. In regard to specific IgE to the mixture of food allergens, the cutoff level of >0.70 proved to be significant. Inhalant allergen-specific IgE of >0.35 kU/L was found only in 14 cases (18%), but when present, it was significantly predictive of asthma. Elevated levels of specific IgE antibodies to food or inhalant allergens were significantly associated with allergic rhinitis and skin-test reactivity at school age.Conclusions. When present in wheezing infants, specific IgE of >0.35 kU/L to wheat, egg white, or inhalant allergens are predictive of later childhood asthma. Consequently, detection of those specific IgE antibodies in wheezing infants may facilitate the early diagnosis of asthma, especially in cases with no clinically evident atopic manifestations. A pproximately 20% of all children experience wheezing in infancy, 1 and these children are at increased risk for asthma in later childhood. On the basis of recent prospective follow-up data, up to 40% of them experience asthma at school age. 2 The majority of children with asthma have clinically evident atopic manifestations in later childhood, although allergies may not be apparent in infancy. 2,3 Total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE), 2 blood eosinophilia, 2 and serum eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) 4 are markers that are often used to determine subclinical atopy and susceptibility to respiratory allergy. However, these markers are nonspecific, and to point out the allergen-specific responses, skin prick tests (SPTs) or radioallergosorbent tests (RAST) thus far have had to be performed. Both of these tests are qualitative, and for technical reasons, only a restricted number of allergens are applicable in SPTs in young children. These tests may also be susceptible to technical errors and variations as a result of either nonstandardized or nonautomated methods. Consequently, new approaches are needed to screen those prone to atopy or allergen-induced asthma among ...

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“…A large proportion of asthmatics have exercise‐induced bronchospasm (EIB), but a few do not (1). Moreover, some individuals show EIB even though they do not have asthma symptoms (1).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variability in exercise test responses in Ghana

Addo-Yobo¹,

Čustović²,

Taggart³

et al. 2002

Pediatric Allergy Immunology

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Exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) is widely used in epidemiological studies to investigate the prevalence of asthma. We aimed to determine seasonal variations in the prevalence of EIB in Ghanaian school children from urban-rich (UR), urban-poor (UP), and rural (R) schools. We have previously reported the prevalence of EIB in 9-16-year-old children to be 3.1% in the dry season, with UR children having a significantly higher prevalence of both EIB and atopy compared to UP or R children. In the current study, the prevalence of EIB was assessed in the same 1,095 children in the wet season (5 months following the initial study) using the same methodology. Exercise provocation consisted of free running outdoors for 6 min. In the wet season, 17/1,095 children [mean 1.55%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.91-2.47] had a positive response to exercise, compared to our previous report of 34 children (mean 3.1%, 95% CI: 2.15-4.32) with EIB in the dry season (dry vs. wet season, difference 1.55, 95% CI: 0.41-2.69). The proportion of children with a positive response to exercise in the UR school fell from 4.2% (25/599) to 1.3% (8/599) (difference 2.9, 95% CI: 1.2-4.5). In the wet season, there was no difference in the prevalence of EIB among the UR, UP, and R children. Only five of 1,095 subjects (mean 0.5%, 95% CI: 0.15-1.07) demonstrated EIB in both seasons. In conclusion, although exercise challenge remains a useful tool for determining asthma prevalence in epidemiological studies, seasonal variations in the pattern of responses may occur and the results should be interpreted with caution.

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Exercise induced asthma in children and adolescents and the relationship to sports

Cited by 18 publications

References 69 publications

Predicted Aerobic Capacity of Asthmatic Children: A Research Study from Clinical Origin

Predicted Aerobic Capacity of Asthmatic Children: A Research Study from Clinical Origin

Allergen-Specific Immunoglobulin E Antibodies in Wheezing Infants: The Risk for Asthma in Later Childhood

Seasonal variability in exercise test responses in Ghana

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