Exercise increases serum Hsp72 in humans

Abstract

Recent evidence suggests that heat shock proteins (Hsps) may have an important systemic role as a signal to activate the immune system. Since acute exercise is known to induce Hsp72 (the inducible form of the 70-kDa family of Hsp) in a variety of tissues including contracting skeletal muscle, we hypothesized that such exercise would result in the release of Hsp72 from stressed cells into the blood. Six humans (5 males, 1 female) ran on a treadmill for 60 minutes at a workload corresponding to 70% of their peak oxygen consumption. Blood was sampled from a forearm vein at rest (R), 30 minutes during exercise, immediately postexercise (60 minutes), and 2, 8, and 24 hours after exercise. These samples were analyzed for serum Hsp72 protein. In addition, plasma creatine kinase (CK) was measured at these time points as a crude marker of muscle damage. With the exception of the sample collected at 30 minutes, muscle biopsies (n = 5 males) were also obtained from the vastus lateralis at the time of blood sampling and analyzed for Hsp72 gene and protein expression. Serum Hsp72 protein increased from rest, both during and after exercise (0.13 0.10 vs 0.87+/-0.24 and 1.02+/-0.41 ng/mL at rest, 30 and 60 minutes, respectively, P < 0.05, mean SE). In addition, plasma CK was elevated (P < 0.05) 8 hours postexercise. Skeletal muscle Hsp72 mRNA expression increased 6.5-fold (P < 0.05) from rest 2 hours postexercise, and although there was a tendency for Hsp72 protein expression to be elevated 2 and 8 hours following exercise compared with rest, results were not statistically significant. The increase in serum Hsp72 preceded any increase in Hsp72 gene or protein expression in contracting muscle, suggesting that Hsp72 was released from other tissues or organs. This study is the first to demonstrate that acute exercise can increase Hsp72 in the peripheral circulation, suggesting that during stress these proteins may indeed have a systemic role.

Effects of Exercise Therapy on Heat Shock Protein70 Expression in Leukocytes

“…Standard criteria for an acceptable VO 2 max test included a leveling off of VO 2 with increasing workload, a respiratory exchange ratio (RER) above 1.15 and a peak HR (Telemeter heart checker, Polar, Finland) similar to age-predicted maximal values. Both groups also underwent a dual bioelectrical impedance analysis and BMI test to determine body composition 11,12) . Forty-eight hours after the bioelectrical impedance analysis (Inbody Biospace 3.0, Korea), BMI and VO 2 max test (Minato, a baseline blood sample of 10 mL was taken.…”

Potential immunological functions of salivary Hsp70 in mucosal and periodontal defense mechanisms

“…In contrast to the vast literature on intracellular Hsp70, very few studies have tested the effect of stress on extracellular Hsp70. In these instances, stressors such as surgical operations [25], intense physical exercises [15,28,85], and short-run psychological stress [16,31] were shown to induce extracellular Hsp70. An extracellular elevation of another kind of chaperon (Hsp60) was also shown to be induced by long-term psychosocial stress [46].…”

Salivary extracellular heat shock protein 70 (eHSP70) levels increase after 59 min of intense exercise and correlate with resting salivary secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) levels at rest

“…First, the time of return to baseline value for salivary eHSP70 levels is still unclear. Previous studies showed that circulating eHSP70 increased temporarily (Fehrenbach et al 2005;Whitham et al 2006) and returned to baseline within 8 or 24 h, after intense exercise (Walsh et al 2001;Suzuki et al 2006). Although the reaction times to respond to exercise stress in circulating eHSP70 and salivary eHSP70 were different, it was assumed that exercise-induced salivary eHSP70 levels might return to baseline within 24 h. Changes in eHSP70 levels should be observed for more than 4 h or until 1 or 2 days after exercise to completely determine the changes in levels at various times until return to baseline.…”

“…The change in salivary eHSP70 levels after exercise has not been adequately examined. Walsh et al (2001) showed that increased serum eHSP70 levels returned to baseline at 2 to 8 h after exercise. It is, therefore, possible that exercise stress might continue to have an effect on salivary eHSP70 levels for a few hours.…”

“…iHSP70 levels increase in response to exercise-induced stressors such as heat, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and hypoxia in cells (Fehrenbach and Northoff 2001). Actually, a single bout of exercise increases circulating eHSP70 level (Walsh et al 2001;Febbraio et al 2002;Fehrenbach et al 2005) and heat stress further boosts this increase (Gibson et al 2014). However, Fortes and Whitham (2011) reported that eHSP70 in the saliva unchanged during and until 20 min after the exercise (60 min of treadmill running at 50−70 % VO 2max ) with hot environment (30°C).…”