Exercise increases interleukin-10 levels both intraarticularly and peri-synovially in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract

IntroductionThe microdialysis method was applied to the human knee joint with osteoarthritis (OA) in order to reveal changes in biochemical markers of cartilage and inflammation, intraarticularly and in the synovium, in response to a single bout of mechanical joint loading.MethodsThirty-one female subjects with OA of the knee were randomized to non-exercise (NEx) or exercise (Ex) groups. Following acute resistance exercise (25 sets of 10 repetitions at 60% of 1 Repetition Maximum) or none (NEx), peripheral nerve blocks just below the inguinal ligament were applied and two microdialysis catheters were positioned in two different compartments, intraarticularly and peri-synovially. The microdialysis catheters were perfused at a slow rate (2 μl/minute) with a solution of Ringer-acetate and radioactively labelled glucose allowing for determination of relative recovery (RR) and calculation of interstitial concentrations of inflammatory and cartilage biomarkers over a three-hour period.ResultsA significant increase of Interleukin (IL) -10 was discovered in both positions of the knee in the Ex group over the three hours post exercise, whereas IL-10 remained stationary over time in the NEx group. IL-6 and IL-8 displayed significant increases over time regardless of group and position of the catheter. Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) decreased intraarticularly in the post exercise period in the Ex group compared to the NEx group.ConclusionsExercise caused an increase in both intraarticular and peri-synovial concentrations of IL-10 in a group of human females with knee OA. This suggests a positive effect of exercise on a chondroprotective anti-inflammatory cytokine response in patients with knee OA and might contribute to explaining the beneficial effect that exercise has on OA.Trial registrationNCT01090375.

The Effect of Mechanical Loading on Articular Cartilage

“…IL-4 possesses anti-inflammatory properties, underlined by the enhancement of the breakdown of mRNA for the transcription factor of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) and the suppression of both IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) expression [16]. IL-1 and TNF-α reduction is due to IL-10 which suppresses the translocation of NFκB, working in addition to IL-4 [17]. Moreover, the IL-10 expression has been found enhanced following a single bout of resistance exercise in patients with OA, and this has been included among the beneficial effects of exercise on OA [18].…”

Molecular Effects of Exercise in Rheumatoid Arthritis

“…Following acute resistance exercise, a significant increase in IL-10 was observed in the intra-articular and synovial spaces of subjects who exercised when compared to a nonexercise group (Helmark et al 2010). Increases in IL-10 expression were also reported in chondrocytes in antigen-induced arthritis, an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis, after two weeks of continuous passive motion when compared to immobilized joints (Ferretti et al 2005;Ferretti et al 2006).…”

Effects of Ultrasound versus Low Level Laser Therapy in Levofloxacin-Induced Rat Model of Knee Osteoarthritis

“…group was found. The important role of IL-10 in natural inhibition of arthritis had been reported [26].Guo et al reported better effect of US compared to laser on knee OA of rabbits [27]. In contrast to us, Alves et al reported decreased expression of not only IL-1 beta but also IL-6 and TNFalpha by using 50 mW laser therapy and higher reduction of TNF alpha with 100 mW in joint inflammation induced by papain [12].…”