Exercise, immunity and aging

Venkatraman, Jaya T.; Fernandes, Gabriel

doi:10.1007/bf03340127

Cited by 42 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Some of these may be subject to manipulation. For example, much attention has been paid recently to the effects of exercise on immune function in the elderly, although details of the mechanisms involved in any observed improvement in immune function are completely unknown (495). In fact, exercise might even be considered an immune-restorative intervention, due to its beneficial effects on cytokine secretion, T cell function and NK activity (496).…”

Section: Vitamins and Minerals; Anti-oxidantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

T cells and aging (update February 1999)

Pawelec

1999

Front Biosci

113

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T cell immunosenescence 218effects of dysregulated immune responses in the elderly by supplementation or other approaches may result in an enhancement of their quality of life, and significant reductions in the cost of medical care in old age. FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO IMMUNO-SENESCENCE HematopoiesisDysregulated hematopoiesis is seen in elderly individuals, raising the possibility that this could contribute to altered immune function in the aged. Hematopoiesis in man may be compromised because of a severely reduced capacity to produce colony stimulating factors (44) and increased production of pro-inflammatory factors such as IL 6 (45), because lower numbers of progenitor cells are present in the BM (46) and because of an age-related decline in proliferative potential of putative haematopoietic stem cells (HSC) (47). In mice, the repopulating potential of murine fetal liver-derived HSC is higher than that of adult BM-derived stem cells (48), suggesting possible aging of the HSC themselves. Normal cells with shorter telomeres possess less remaining replicative capacity than those with longer telomeres (see section 5.2). Accordingly, HSC from adult BM were found to have shorter telomeres than fetal liver-derived or umbilical cord-derived stem cells, consistent with aging of HSC (49). Telomere lengths decreased on culture despite low level expression of telomerase in these cells (50,51), although the rate of basepair loss per population doubling of cells in culture was lower during the first two weeks, when telomerase was upregulated, than in the next two, when it was downregulated (52). The telomerase expressed is therefore functionally active but may not be able to completely maintain telomere length in aging HSC cells. True embryonic stem cells (ESC), on the other hand, which may really be immortal, do retain high levels of telomerase activity (53). On the other hand, ESC from telomerase-knockout mice show gradual telomere shortening over many population doublings (PD) resulting in slowing and eventual cessation of growth (54). Certain animals which do not downregulate telomerase manifest a permanent growth phase and little or no senescence (55,56).

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Section: Vitamins and Minerals; Anti-oxidantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

T cells and aging (update February 1999)

Pawelec

1999

Front Biosci

113

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“…Com relação ao conteúdo protéico, a diminuição acentuada indica comprometimento da funcionalidade deste órgão, contribuindo para as alterações descritas para células T durante o envelhecimento (Shinkai, Konishi & Shephard, 1997;Venkatraman & Fernandes, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Hoje, sabe-se que este sistema, além de sua clássica função na defesa contra agentes externos, contribui para a manutenção do equilíbrio interno do organismo (MacKinnon, 1998) (Pawelec, Effros, Caruso, Remarque, Barnet & Solana, 1999;Venkatraman & Fernandes, 1997;Wick et alii, 2000), leva a imunosenescência, conforme citam Shinkai, Konishi & Shephard (1997), um estado de desequilíbrio da resposta imunológica, uma vez que algumas funções imunológicas se encontram diminuídas e outras aumentadas, como a concentração plasmática de imunoglobulinas (Bucley III, Bucley & Dorsey, 1974;Hallgren, Buckley III, Gilberstein & Yunis, 1973;Paganelli, Quinti, Fagiolo, Cossarizza, Ortolani, Guerra, Sansoni, Pucillo, Scala, Cozzi, Bertollo, Monti & Franceschi, 1992). Estas alterações estão relacionadas ao aumento da morbidade e mortalidade em seres humanos, além de serem responsáveis pela maior incidência de infecções, doenças auto-imunes e câncer.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…De uma forma geral, estudos mostram que exercício de intensidade moderada leva a uma melhora da resposta imunológica (Hirokawa, 1997;Mackinnon, 1998;Nieman, 1997;Nieman, Miller, Hensen, Warren, Gusewitch, Johnson, Davis, Butterworth, Herring & Nehlsen-Cannarella, 1994;Shephard, Rhind & Shek, 1994). Assim, o exercício moderado é indicado para pessoas idosas como forma de restaurar a imunodepressão causada pelo envelhecimento (Shinkai, Konishi & Shephard, 1997;Venkatraman & Fernandes, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Effects of caloric restriction and aerobic exercise in lymphocytes and macrophages of aging rats

Meneguello¹,

Rosa²

2002

Rev. paul. educ. fís.

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RESUMOO envelhecimento é marcado por inúmeras alterações fisiológicas, dentre as quais ressaltamos as profundas modificações na resposta do sistema imunológico. Várias são as estratégias para se reverter ou minimizar estas alterações e dentre elas tem-se a Restrição Calórica e o Exercício Aeróbio. Portanto, o propósito deste estudo foi investigar o efeito da Restrição Calórica e do Exercício Aeróbio sobre o Sistema Imunológico de ratos envelhecidos. Para isso foram utilizados ratos ADULTOS (AD) e ENVELHECIDOS, sendo estes divididos em controle (EV), submetidos à Restrição Calórica (RC) e Exercitados (EX), todos por seis semanas. Nestes animais mediu-se o peso e a composição protéica dos órgãos linfóides Timo e Baço e as concentrações séricas de Glutamina, Interleucinas (IL-1, IL-2, IL-3) e Imunoglobulinas (IgA e IgG). Dentre as células do Sistema Imunológico estudou-se os linfócitos e macrófagos. Os linfócitos foram obtidos do linfonodo mesentérico e do sangue total e a capacidade proliferativa foi medida na presença de mitógenos, Concanavalina A e Lipopolissacarídeos. Os macrófagos obtidos da cavidade peritoneal foram estudados através da medida da capacidade fagocitária e de produção de peróxido de hidrogênio. Com relação ao envelhecimento, nossos resultados comprovaram algumas alterações no sistema imunológico, principalmente na capacidade funcional de macrófagos. Os protocolos de RC e EX mostraram-se eficientes em aumentar a resposta fagocitária e a produção de H2O2 por macrófagos e também foram capazes de diminuir a capacidade proliferativa de linfócitos presentes no sangue.

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“…Improvements have been found in areas such as innate immunity and a decrease in vascular inflammation (Ford, 2002;Gleeson et al, 1995;Hoffinan-Goetz, 1998;Venkatraman & Fernandes, 1997;Woods, Vieira, & Keylock, 2009), as well as autonomy and independence in the elderly (Lamb, Jørstad-Stein, Hauer, & Becker, 2005;Pahor, 2006). Recent evidence also suggests that physical activity (especially aerobic exercise) may have a positive impact on cognition (Hillman et al, 2006), attenuate age related cognitive decline (Hamer & Chider, 2009;Paillard, 2015), and reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease and dementia (Buchman et al, 2012;Daly, McMinn, & Allan, 2015;Voelcker-Rehage & Niemann, 2013;).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quadrupedal movement training improves markers of cognition and joint repositioning

Matthews

Yusuf

Doyle

et al. 2016

Human Movement Science

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Introduction -Exercise, and in particular balance and coordination related activities such as dance, appear to have positive effects on cognitive function, as well as neurodegenerative conditions such as dementia and Parkinson's disease. Quadrupedal gait training is a movement system requiring coordination of all four limbs that has previously been associated with cognitive development in children. There is currently little research into the effect of complex QDP movements on cognitive function in adults.Purpose -To determine the effects of a novel four-week quadrupedal gait training programme on markers of cognitive function and joint reposition sense in healthy adults.Methods -Twenty-two physically active sports science students (15 male and 7 female) were divided into two groups: a training group (TG) and a control group (CG). All participants completed the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST) and were tested for joint reposition sense before and after a four-week intervention, during which time the TG completed a series of progressive and challenging quadrupedal movement training sessions.Results -Participants in the TG showed significant improvements in the WCST, with improvements in perseverative errors, non-perseverative errors, and conceptual level response. This improvement was not found in the CG. Joint reposition sense also improved for the TG, but only at 20 degrees of shoulder flexion.

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Exercise, immunity and aging

Cited by 42 publications

References 85 publications

T cells and aging (update February 1999)

T cells and aging (update February 1999)

Effects of caloric restriction and aerobic exercise in lymphocytes and macrophages of aging rats

Quadrupedal movement training improves markers of cognition and joint repositioning

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