Exercise hyperthermia induces greater changes in gastrointestinal permeability than equivalent passive hyperthermia

Walter, Edward; Watt, Peter; Gibson, Oliver; Wilmott, Ashley G. B.; Mitchell, Dominic; Moreton, R E; Maxwell, Neil

doi:10.14814/phy2.14945

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Changes to the intestinal permeability can occur at modest temperatures, around 39°C, 30 and after a short period of hyperthermia, 1–2 h. 30 Intestinal permeability increases have been observed in humans during exertional hyperthermia. 31,32 Endotoxaemia and raised LPS levels are thought to be responsible for the inflammatory response and stimulation of inflammatory mediators in both CHS and EHS. 33…”

Section: Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intestinal permeability in exertional heat stress is higher than in exertion at normothermia 31 or passive hyperthermia alone. 32…”

Section: Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Changes to the intestinal permeability can occur at modest temperatures, around 39°C, 30 and after a short period of hyperthermia, 1-2 h. 30 Intestinal permeability increases have been observed in humans during exertional hyperthermia. 31,32 Endotoxaemia and raised LPS levels are thought to be responsible for the inflammatory response and stimulation of inflammatory mediators in both CHS and EHS. 33 Changes in interleukin levels show some correlation with outcome; the rise in IL-6 and the duration of the increased expression is related to mortality in one study, independent of the maximum core temperature obtained.…”

Section: Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Critical illness aspects of heatstroke: A hot topic

Patel

Boyer

Mensah

et al. 2023

Journal of the Intensive Care Society

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Heatstroke represents the most severe end of the heat illness spectrum, and is increasingly seen in those undergoing exercise or exertion (‘exertional heatstroke’) and those exposed to high ambient temperatures, for example in heatwaves (‘classical heatstroke’). Both forms may be associated with significant thermal injury, leading to organ dysfunction and the need for admission to an intensive care unit. The process may be exacerbated by translocation of bacteria or endotoxin through an intestinal wall rendered more permeable by the hyperthermia. This narrative review highlights the importance of early diagnosis, rapid cooling and effective management of complications. It discusses the incidence, clinical features and treatment of heatstroke, and discusses the possible role of intestinal permeability and advances in follow-up and recovery of this condition. Optimum treatment involves an integrated input from prehospital, emergency department and critical care teams, along with follow-up by rehabilitation teams and, if appropriate, sports or clinical physiologists.

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Section: Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intestinal permeability in exertional heat stress is higher than in exertion at normothermia 31 or passive hyperthermia alone. 32…”

Section: Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Critical illness aspects of heatstroke: A hot topic

Patel

Boyer

Mensah

et al. 2023

Journal of the Intensive Care Society

Self Cite

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“…Increased intestinal permeability, also known as the leaky gut hypothesis, suggests that bacteria and toxins leak from the gut lumen, where they are normally contained via tight junctions, through the intestinal wall into the portal and general circulation. Several reports have documented increased intestinal permeability during exercise with [37][38][39] and without heat stress. 40 As blood flow in the splanchnic circulation declines, skin blood flow increases for heat dissipation and gut epithelial membranes undergo nitrosative and oxidative stress, due to ischaemia reperfusion.…”

Section: Leaky Gut Hypothesis and Endotoxaemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Exertional heat stroke: pathophysiology and risk factors

Garcia

Rentería

Leite-Santos

et al. 2022

bmjmed

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Exertional heat stroke, the third leading cause of mortality in athletes during physical activity, is the most severe manifestation of exertional heat illnesses. Exertional heat stroke is characterised by central nervous system dysfunction in people with hyperthermia during physical activity and can be influenced by environmental factors such as heatwaves, which extend the incidence of exertional heat stroke beyond athletics only. Epidemiological data indicate mortality rates of about 27%, and survivors display long term negative health consequences ranging from neurological to cardiovascular dysfunction. The pathophysiology of exertional heat stroke involves thermoregulatory and cardiovascular overload, resulting in severe hyperthermia and subsequent multiorgan injury due to a systemic inflammatory response syndrome and coagulopathy. Research about risk factors for exertional heat stroke remains limited, but dehydration, sex differences, ageing, body composition, and previous illness are thought to increase risk. Immediate cooling remains the most effective treatment strategy. In this review, we provide an overview of the current literature emphasising the pathophysiology and risk factors of exertional heat stroke, highlighting gaps in knowledge with the objective to stimulate future research.

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“…Various types of hyperthermia used by clinicians have been depicted in Figure 2 . Traditionally, it can be divided into three areas as adopted by clinicians, such as intestinal [ 41 ], intraluminal [ 42 ], and capacitive [ 43 ]. The advantages are shown also in Figure 2 .…”

Section: Magnetic Nanoparticles (Mnps) In Hyperthermiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Magnetic Hydrogels for Hyperthermia and Drug Delivery

Ganguly

Margel

2021

Polymers

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Hydrogels are spatially organized hydrophilic polymeric systems that exhibit unique features in hydrated conditions. Among the hydrogel family, composite hydrogels are a special class that are defined as filler-containing systems with some tailor-made properties. The composite hydrogel family includes magnetic-nanoparticle-integrated hydrogels. Magnetic hydrogels (MHGs) show magneto-responsiveness, which is observed when they are placed in a magnetic field (static or oscillating). Because of their tunable porosity and internal morphology they can be used in several biomedical applications, especially diffusion-related smart devices. External stimuli may influence physical and chemical changes in these hydrogels, particularly in terms of volume and shape morphing. One of the most significant external stimuli for hydrogels is a magnetic field. This review embraces a brief overview of the fabrication of MHGs and two of their usages in the biomedical area: drug delivery and hyperthermia-based anti-cancer activity. As for the saturation magnetization imposed on composite MHGs, they are easily heated in the presence of an alternating magnetic field and the temperature increment is dependent on the magnetic nanoparticle concentration and exposure time. Herein, we also discuss the mode of different therapies based on non-contact hyperthermia heating.

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Exercise hyperthermia induces greater changes in gastrointestinal permeability than equivalent passive hyperthermia

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creat ive Commo ns Attri bution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cited by 11 publications

References 33 publications

Critical illness aspects of heatstroke: A hot topic

Critical illness aspects of heatstroke: A hot topic

Exertional heat stroke: pathophysiology and risk factors

Design of Magnetic Hydrogels for Hyperthermia and Drug Delivery

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