2019
DOI: 10.31296/aop.v3i4.98
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Exercise, Fitness and the Aging Brain: A Review of Functional Connectivity in Aging

Abstract: Aging is associated with changes in brain structure and function with some brain regions showing more age-related deterioration than others. There is evidence that regional changes in brain structure and function may affect the functioning of other, less- age-sensitive brain regions and lead to more global changes in brain efficiency and cognitive functioning. Fortunately, emerging evidence from health neuroscience suggests that age-related brain changes and associated cognitive declines may not be inevitable.… Show more

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Cited by 34 publications
(22 citation statements)
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“…Of uttermost relevance, is the fact that the retention of physical fitness in detraining might contribute to reducing the previously mentioned inflammation, immunosenescence, neuroendocrine dysfunctions and co-morbidities associated with deconditioning, sedentary behaviours and aging [ 9 , 15 , 16 , 28 , 35 ]. It might also help to delay the impairment in the cognitive status [ 9 , 36 , 37 ]. Therefore, programming exercise interventions looking for stable gains which resist the negative consequences of exercise cessation, should be a key focus when designing any PETP, aiming to optimize its cost-effectiveness and health impact.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Of uttermost relevance, is the fact that the retention of physical fitness in detraining might contribute to reducing the previously mentioned inflammation, immunosenescence, neuroendocrine dysfunctions and co-morbidities associated with deconditioning, sedentary behaviours and aging [ 9 , 15 , 16 , 28 , 35 ]. It might also help to delay the impairment in the cognitive status [ 9 , 36 , 37 ]. Therefore, programming exercise interventions looking for stable gains which resist the negative consequences of exercise cessation, should be a key focus when designing any PETP, aiming to optimize its cost-effectiveness and health impact.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Performance on these tasks is heavily influenced by graphomotor ability and executive function (Lezak et al, 2004), which is associated with frontal lobe function (Miyake & Friedman, 2012). Similarly, studies in other populations suggest that physical activity and exercise exert positive effects on frontal lobe-mediated processes (Colcombe & Kramer, 2003;Northey et al, 2018;Stillman et al, 2019). For example, older adults who reported increasing their physical activity over time also showed increases in frontal-subcortical connectivity via task-free functional magnetic resonance imaging (Dorsman et al, 2020).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For example, higher activity participation has been systematically linked to better cognitive performance, higher regional and global gray matter (GM) volume, fewer volumetric measures of WM lesions and less decline in the quality of white matter (WM) tracts ( Fratiglioni et al, 2004 ; Wang et al, 2012 ; Sexton et al, 2013 ; Erickson et al, 2014 ; Yates et al, 2016 ; Anatürk et al, 2018 ; Chan et al, 2018 ; Evans et al, 2018 ; Matyas et al, 2019 ; Wassenaar et al, 2019 ). Variability in functional connectivity measures also appears to be partly accounted for by activity engagement, particularly for physically demanding activities ( Stillman et al, 2019 ). However, many of these studies have employed composite measures of leisure activities, providing limited insights into the specific activities that need to be targeted to promote brain health in older individuals.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%