Exercise counteracts the homeostatic decrease in thermogenesis caused by caloric restriction in sheep

Abstract

Caloric restriction causes a homeostatic reduction in thermogenesis. We aimed to determine whether exercise could counteract this. We studied four groups of normal-weight ewes ( n = 5), including control sedentary fed ad libitum, exercise fed ad libitum (30 min/d, 5 d/wk), diet-restricted (70% of ad libitum food intake), and combined diet and exercise. Temperature probes implanted in sternal and retroperitoneal adipose tissue and skeletal muscle measured thermogenesis. After the 4-wk intervention, hypothalami were collected for in situ hybridization, and fat and muscle biopsies were collected for real-time PCR and Western blotting. Combined diet and exercise reduced adiposity ( P < 0.05). Caloric restriction alone reduced overnight temperatures in sternal and retroperitoneal fat ( P < 0.05), which was counteracted by exercise ( P < 0.05). Exercise did not induce expression of cellular markers of browning in adipose tissue. There was no effect of diet or exercise on skeletal muscle thermogenesis. Combined diet and exercise increased the expression of neuropeptide Y and agouti-related protein in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus ( P < 0.05), consistent with reduced adiposity. Gene expressions of key hypothalamic appetite-regulating peptides were not associated with altered thermogenesis. We demonstrate that exercise counteracts the inhibitory effect of caloric restriction to restore thermogenesis in adipose tissue of sheep.-Fuller-Jackson, J.-P., Clarke, I. J., Rao, A., Henry, B. A. Exercise counteracts the homeostatic decrease in thermogenesis caused by caloric restriction in sheep.

The Characterization of Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in Sunit Sheep at Different Growth Stages: A Comprehensive Analysis of the Morphology, Fatty Acid Profile, and Metabolite Profile

“…Therefore, it is imperative to investigate the variation and metabolic mechanisms associated with adipose tissue development in order to advance the development of the mutton sheep industry. Under natural grazing conditions, the adipose tissue metabolism of sheep during different growth stages is affected by a number of potential factors, such as grazing periods [23], energy consumption levels [24], cold exposure [25], and physical activity [26]. However, metabolic changes during the SAT development of Sunit sheep under natural grazing have not been reported.…”

Maternal L‐carnitine supplementation promotes brown adipose tissue thermogenesis of newborn goats after cold exposure

“…Newborn lambs will face cold challenges from in utero to the extrauterine environment and the ability to maintain temperature is necessary for newborn lambs. 17 BAT responds to cold challenges by non-shivering thermogenesis, which generates heat and accounts for 50% of the total body heat in lambs. 18 The development of BAT in newborn mammals is susceptible to nutrient levels.…”