Exercise cessation in active older adults: Effects on inflammatory markers and adiponectin

Abstract

Aim: To evaluate the effects of 3 months of exercise cessation in physically active older individuals on inflammatory biomarkers and adiponectin, and examine any association modifications in physical functioning. Methods:We evaluated the effects of exercise cessation in 49 physically active older adults on inflammatory biomarkers, adiponectin and physical functioning. Participants (38 women, 11 men) were aged >65 years old and had attended a 9-month supervised exercise program. After 3 months of exercise cessation, we measured anthropometry, physical activity, strength, balance, endurance exercise, cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c, interleukin-6 and adiponectin levels.Results: Adiponectin was positively correlated with high-density lipoprotein and negatively correlated with triglyceride levels after exercise cessation. Higher adiponectin levels were correlated with worse dynamic balance, endurance exercise and lower limb strength (men only), which might be explained by the adiponectin resistance hypothesis.Conclusions: Adiponectin therefore might be a promising biomarker of physical dysfunction in older adults, although further research is necessary to understand the mechanisms involved in its double-sided effects. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 494-499.

Multicomponent Exercise Program for Improvement of Functional Capacity and Lipidic Profile of Older Women with High Cholesterol and High Triglycerides

“…With 12 weeks of aerobic exercise Prusik et al [10] reported a 7.7% improvement in upper body strength, 4.8% in lower body strength, 10.2% in agility and 28.5% in lower body flexibility. The cessation of exercise resulted in declines in FC and lipidic profile, although were not enough to reverse to baseline values [2,6,[38][39][40]. Padilha et al [41] with 12 weeks of detaining after 12 weeks of RT observed declines in FC but not significantly compared to baseline value.…”

“…In addition, physical inactivity is related to a higher prevalence of most CVD risk factors, including high values of blood glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high blood pressure, metabolic syndrome and obesity [3,6]. Dyslipidemia (levels that are either higher or lower than normal range for blood fats such as TG and cholesterol, and uncontrolled serum blood levels of glucose have been shown to have enormous impact on CVD risk in women compared to men, due to menopause that accentuates the negative changes in body composition and metabolic profile [4][5][6][7].…”

“…For health improvement, exercise is one of the main strategies for improvement of health in quality of life in older women. Among the wide array of exercises, aerobic, resistance, high intensity interval (HIIT) and multicomponent training (ME) have been described as effective interventions to attenuate age-related dysfunctions and promote health and wellness for older women [2,4,6,9,10]. Many studies shown that exercise improves metabolic and immune functions by improving lipidic profile and inflammatory markers, as well as improves functional capacity (FC), cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular strength [2,4,11,12].…”

Three-Month vs. One-Year Detraining Effects after Multicomponent Exercise Program in Hypertensive Older Women

“…Although TG, TC and GL maintained some of the benefits of METP, SBP and DPB returned to baseline values. With four weeks of detraining, Nolan et al [ 45 ] found no changes in TG, TC and blood pressure, and with a longer period, i.e., three months of DT after nine months of METP, Esain et al [ 46 ] reported no significant changes in TG and TC. One of the reasons for the results of these two studies may be the normal values at the baseline and after the exercise program of the participants compared to ours that had higher values of TG and TC at the baseline.…”

Changes in Cognitive Function and in the Levels of Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) in Older Women with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Subjected to a Cardiorespiratory Exercise Programme

“…These findings are in agree with the substantial difference in the response between the experimental group and the control group in HbA1c levels obtained in the present study ( Figure 2). The lack of physical activity and a sedentary lifestyle lead to harmful responses related to insulin resistance and prediabetes indicators [62]. Tables 3 and 4 show that the two groups began with mild cognitive deterioration.…”