Exercise capacity, physical activity, and morbidity

Brunjes, Danielle L.; Kennel, Peter J.; Schulze, P. Christian

doi:10.1007/s10741-016-9592-1

Cited by 24 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…Exercise training has been the gold standard for slowing or reversing sarcopenia. Resistance training (RT) has been most effective at treating muscle wasting,1 while endurance training has the greatest benefits to exercise intolerance 2, 3. However, combining training modes to treat both declines simultaneously typically yields a lower response than either mode applied separately 4, 5…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Resistance training (RT) has been most effective at treating muscle wasting, 1 while endurance training has the greatest benefits to exercise intolerance. 2,3 However, combining training modes to treat both declines simultaneously typically yields a lower response than either mode applied separately. 4,5 Recent evidence indicates that dietary supplements may lead to improvements in both strength and endurance, which is a combination of adaptations that have not been possible with a traditional training programme alone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Building strength, endurance, and mobility using an astaxanthin formulation with functional training in elderly

Liu

Ali

Campbell

et al. 2018

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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BackgroundBuilding both strength and endurance has been a challenge in exercise training in the elderly, but dietary supplements hold promise as agents for improving muscle adaptation. Here, we test a formulation of natural products (AX: astaxanthin, 12 mg and tocotrienol, 10 mg and zinc, 6 mg) with both anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties in combination with exercise. We conducted a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study of elderly subjects (65–82 years) on a daily oral dose with interval walking exercise on an incline treadmill.MethodsForty‐two subjects were fed AX or placebo for 4 months and trained 3 months (3×/week for 40–60 min) with increasing intervals of incline walking. Strength was measured as maximal voluntary force (MVC) in ankle dorsiflexion exercise, and tibialis anterior muscle size (cross‐sectional area, CSA) was determined from magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsGreater endurance (exercise time in incline walking, >50%) and distance in 6 min walk (>8%) accompanied training in both treatments. Increases in MVC by 14.4% (±6.2%, mean ± SEM, P < 0.02, paired t‐test), CSA by 2.7% (±1.0%, P < 0.01), and specific force by 11.6% (MVC/CSA, ±6.0%, P = 0.05) were found with AX treatment, but no change was evident in these properties with placebo treatment (MVC, 2.9% ± 5.6%; CSA, 0.6% ± 1.2%; MVC/CSA, 2.4 ± 5.7%; P > 0.6 for all).ConclusionsThe AX formulation improved muscle strength and CSA in healthy elderly in addition to the elevation in endurance and walking distance found with exercise training alone. Thus, the AX formulation in combination with a functional training programme uniquely improved muscle strength, endurance, and mobility in the elderly.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Building strength, endurance, and mobility using an astaxanthin formulation with functional training in elderly

Liu

Ali

Campbell

et al. 2018

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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“…The prevalence of sarcopenia gradually increases with age, with ~30% of older adults, aged 59–86 years, being affected by this syndrome [ 6 ]. Growing evidence suggests that sarcopenia is commonly associated with HF as a comorbidity that synergistically influences a reduction in physiological function and physical mobility [ 7 , 8 ]. Moreover, the prevalence of sarcopenia in HF patients is approximately 20% higher than that in the healthy elderly population [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the prevalence of sarcopenia in HF patients is approximately 20% higher than that in the healthy elderly population [ 9 ]. Sarcopenia is considered a salient health issue associated with HF and a factor that plays an important role in the maintenance of mobility and quality of life [ 7 ]. However, given the lack of standard treatment options, attenuating the progression of sarcopenia in HF poses a serious challenge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise as a Therapeutic Strategy for Sarcopenia in Heart Failure: Insights into Underlying Mechanisms

Cho

Choi

Sajgalik

et al. 2020

Cells

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Sarcopenia, a syndrome commonly seen in elderly populations, is often characterized by a gradual loss of skeletal muscle, leading to the decline of muscle strength and physical performance. Growing evidence suggests that the prevalence of sarcopenia increases in patients with heart failure (HF), which is a dominant pathogenesis in the aging heart. HF causes diverse metabolic complications that may result in sarcopenia. Therefore, sarcopenia may act as a strong predictor of frailty, disability, and mortality associated with HF. Currently, standard treatments for slowing muscle loss in patients with HF are not available. Therefore, here, we review the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying sarcopenia in HF as well as current knowledge regarding the beneficial effects of exercise on sarcopenia in HF and related mechanisms, including hormonal changes, myostatin, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy, the ubiquitin-proteasome system, and insulin resistance.

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“…In addition to impaired ventricular function, noncardiac factors contribute to exercise intolerance. Metabolic, molecular, and functional skeletal muscle abnormalities have often been observed and are considered to play an important role in the symptoms [ 1 ]. Muscle wasting is a common disorder which often precedes cachexia and predicts frailty, poor quality of life, and mortality in heart failure [ 2 , 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of growth hormone on cardiac remodeling and soleus muscle in rats with aortic stenosis-induced heart failure

et al. 2017

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BackgroundSkeletal muscle wasting is often observed in heart failure (HF). The growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) axis is impaired in HF. In this study, we evaluated the effects of GH on soleus muscle and cardiac remodeling in rats with aortic stenosis (AS)-induced HF.MethodsAS was created by placing a stainless-steel clip on the ascending aorta. After clinically detecting HF, GH (2 mg/kg/day) was subcutaneously injected for 14 days (AS-GH group). Results were compared with those from Sham and non-treated AS groups. Transthoracic echocardiogram was performed before and after treatment. Protein expression was evaluated by Western blot and satellite cells activation by immunofluorescence. Statistical analyzes: ANOVA and Tukey or Kruskal-Wallis and Student-Newman-Keuls.ResultsBefore treatment both AS groups presented a similar degree of cardiac injury. GH prevented body weight loss and attenuated systolic dysfunction. Soleus cross-sectional fiber areas were lower in both AS groups than Sham (Sham 3,556±447; AS 2,882±422; AS-GH 2,868±591 μm2; p=0.016). GH increased IGF-1 serum concentration (Sham 938±83; AS 866±116; AS-GH 1167±166 ng/mL; p<0.0001) and IGF-1 muscle protein expression and activated PI3K protein. Neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) immunofluorescence was increased in both AS groups. Catabolism-related intracellular pathways did not differ between groups.ConclusionShort-term growth hormone attenuates left ventricular systolic dysfunction in rats with aortic stenosis-induced HF. Despite preserving body weight, increasing serum and muscular IGF-1 levels, and stimulating PI3K muscle expression, GH does not modulate soleus muscle trophism, satellite cells activation or intracellular pathways associated with muscle catabolism.

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Exercise capacity, physical activity, and morbidity

Cited by 24 publications

References 87 publications

Building strength, endurance, and mobility using an astaxanthin formulation with functional training in elderly

Building strength, endurance, and mobility using an astaxanthin formulation with functional training in elderly

Exercise as a Therapeutic Strategy for Sarcopenia in Heart Failure: Insights into Underlying Mechanisms

Effects of growth hormone on cardiac remodeling and soleus muscle in rats with aortic stenosis-induced heart failure

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