Exercise can be pyrogenic in humans

Bradford, Carl D.; Cotter, James D.; Thorburn, Megan; Walker, Robert; Gerrard, David

doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00926.2005

Cited by 40 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The MDI negatively affected endurance performance in both groups, which suggests that the NSAID ibuprofen probably did not preserve muscular-endurance performance in athletes experiencing muscle damage before exercise, which is consistent with previous reports. These observations indicate that long-distance runners should take caution when using NSAIDs to improve muscle-endurance performance because the side effects previously described 28,35,36 may outweigh the expected benefits. Our participants were young military personnel, so our results should be interpreted with caution because they cannot be easily generalized to high-level endurance athletes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

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Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Use and Endurance During Running in Male Long-Distance Runners

Silva

Pinto

Cadore

et al. 2015

Journal of Athletic Training

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Context: The effect of ibuprofen on pain tolerance during exercise is controversial, and its effects on endurance performance have been poorly investigated.Objective: To investigate the effect of prophylactic administration of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug ibuprofen on the time until the self-report of fatigue (t lim ) in runners with exercise-induced muscle damage.Design ). Intervention(s): Participants were assigned to 2 groups (ibuprofen group ¼ 10, placebo group ¼ 10) to perform t lim trials (speed corresponded to their previously determined secondventilatory thresholds) 48 hours before and 48 hours after the induction of a lower limb muscle-damage protocol (isokinetic dynamometry). One hour before the second t lim trial, the ibuprofen group received 1.2 g ibuprofen, and the placebo group received lactose orally.Main Outcome Measure(s): Time until self-reported fatigue, heart rate, respiratory quotient, oxygen consumption, and perceived exertion were recorded during each t lim test.Results: Both groups reported increases in muscle pain in the knee extensors and flexors 48 hours after the muscledamage protocol. We observed a reduction in the endurance performance of both groups (P , .01) but no difference between groups (P ¼ .55).Conclusions: Ibuprofen did not reduce the effect of muscle damage and pain on performance. Prophylactic use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs did not have an ergogenic effect on running performance after exercise-induced muscle damage in male long-distance runners.Key Words: NSAIDs, ibuprofen, muscle pain, fatigue, exercise Key PointsMuscle-damage induction negatively affected endurance performance in both the ibuprofen and placebo groups, which suggests that ibuprofen probably did not preserve muscle-endurance performance in athletes with muscle damage before exercise. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs should be used with caution when the goal is improving muscle-endurance performance because side effects may be greater than expected benefits.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…36,37 These changes would negatively affect oxygen uptake and neutralize the expected ergogenic effect. Analgesic interventions that exhibit greater potency 12 or different pharmacodynamics 13 attenuate the deleterious effect of muscle damage on running performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Use and Endurance During Running in Male Long-Distance Runners

Silva

Pinto

Cadore

et al. 2015

Journal of Athletic Training

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“…These "candidate" factors include, as noted, catecholamines, growth hormone, and the cytokine IL-6, and the parallel dramatic changes in local muscle and body temperature [29,30], oxygenation and acid-base status [31]. Glucocorticoids also increase with exercise, but usually after much more intense periods of exercise than used in this study [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Serum from exercising humans suppresses t-cell cytokine production

Radom‐Aizik¹,

Leu²,

Zaldivar³

2007

Cytokine

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Exercise affects t-cell cytokine production. Whether or not these effects are caused by circulating factors associated with physical activity (e.g., inflammatory mediators, acidosis) is unknown. To investigate this, we incubated sera (10%), obtained from 16 young-adults before (PRE) and after (END) 30-min of exercise, with commercially available Jurkat cells, a t-lymphocyte model, that, of course, had never been exposed to an exercise milieu. After 1-h and 6-h in culture, we measured in the supernatant four cytokines (each known to be altered by exercise and involved in disease pathophysiology): IL-2, TGF-β1, TNF-α, and IL-1ra. Cell proliferation was assessed with proliferating nuclear cell antigen (PNCA). Statistical analysis consisted of a linear mixed model for repeated measurement. There was no effect of exercise on t-cell production of either TGF-β1 or IL-1ra. In contrast, both IL-2 (p=0.025) and TNF-α (p=0.031) production was significantly suppressed in sera from the exercising participants. The suppression of these two cytokines occurred despite the fact that PNCA significantly increased (p<0.0001) in the END serum. In conclusion, exercise alters circulating factors that can, subsequently, influence t-cell cytokine production in vitro.

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“…Notably, four young athletes individually had consistently higher T C , HR (and PSI), and RPE responses in bout 2 compared with their first exercise session, which might indicate a lower tolerance (33) to repeated strenuous exercise in the heat and a potential greater clinical risk for these particular boys and girls during outdoor multiple-bout competition scenarios in hot weather. Although we did not evaluate any humoral measures to support the argument, we suspect that the greater degree of physiological strain observed in bout 2 was more likely related to a greater (albeit subclinical) pyrogenic response to the first period of exercise, thus contributing to the higher T C and cardiac frequency (11), as opposed to an acute exercise-induced inflammatory reaction to any potential muscle damage incurred (32) during bout 1. The responses of these individuals also underscore the fact that ample hydration does not guarantee minimal thermal and cardiovascular strain.…”

Section: Repeated-bout Exercise In the Heat In Young Athletesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeated-bout exercise in the heat in young athletes: physiological strain and perceptual responses

Bergeron¹,

Laird²,

Marinik³

et al. 2009

Journal of Applied Physiology

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A short recovery period between same-day competitions is common practice in organized youth sports. We hypothesized that young athletes will experience an increase in physiological strain and perceptual discomfort during a second identical exercise bout in the heat, with 1 h (21°C) between bouts, even with ample hydration. Twenty-four athletes (6 boys and 6 girls: 12-13 yr old, 47.7 Ϯ 8.3 kg; 6 boys and 6 girls: 16 -17 yr old, 61.0 Ϯ 8.6 kg) completed two 80-min intermittent exercise bouts (treadmill 60%, cycle 40% peak oxygen uptake) in the heat (33°C, 48.9 Ϯ 6.1% relative humidity). Sweat loss during each bout was similar within each age group (12-13 yr old: bout 1, 943.6 Ϯ 237.1 ml; bout 2, 955.5 Ϯ 250.3 ml; 16 -17 yr old: bout 1, 1,382.2 Ϯ 480.7 ml; bout 2, 1,373.1 Ϯ 472.2 ml). Area under the curve (AUC) was not statistically different (P Ͼ 0.05) between bouts for core body temperature (12-13 yr old: bout 1 peak, 38.6 Ϯ 0.4°C; bout 2, 38.4 Ϯ 0.2°C; 16 -17 yr old: bout 1 peak, 38.8 Ϯ 0.7°C; bout 2, 38.7 Ϯ 0.6°C), physiological strain index (12-13 yr old: bout 1 peak, 7.9 Ϯ 0.9; bout 2, 7.5 Ϯ 0.7; 16 -17 yr old: bout 1 peak, 8.1 Ϯ 1.5; bout 2, 7.9 Ϯ 1.4), or thermal sensation for any age/sex subgroup or for all subjects combined. However, rating of perceived exertion AUC and peak were higher (P ϭ 0.0090 and 0.0004, respectively) during bout 2 in the older age group. Notably, four subjects experienced consistently higher responses throughout bout 2. With these healthy, fit, young athletes, 1 h of complete rest, cool down, and rehydration following 80 min of strenuous exercise in the heat was generally effective in eliminating any apparent carryover effects that would have resulted in greater thermal and cardiovascular strain during a subsequent identical exercise bout. hydration; recovery; risk management; thermoregulation; youth sports A SHORT RECOVERY PERIOD between same-day rounds of tournament competition is common practice in organized youth sports. With the additional effects imposed by a hot environment on cardiovascular and thermal strain, performance, and exertional heat injury risk (1,2,4,8,9,14,21,22,24,25,45,47,48), the ability to perform safely and effectively through multiple strenuous same-day competition bouts in the heat can be challenging for young athletes (8, 16). The apparent cumulative demands can often result in poor performance or complete withdrawal from play. Wallace et al. (58) found that exertional heat illness risk was more strongly associated with the combined effects of previous-day wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) and current-day heat exposure than with either measure alone, suggesting a cumulative effect on thermal strain during exercise in the field. With same-day exercise, Ronsen et al. (46) found that a longer recovery period between bouts (6 vs. 3 h) attenuated the degree of increased metabolic stress and cardiovascular and thermal strain in the second exercise bout for elite endurance athletes, demonstrating how the extent of residual or carryover effects from a previous ...

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Exercise can be pyrogenic in humans

Cited by 40 publications

References 58 publications

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Use and Endurance During Running in Male Long-Distance Runners

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Use and Endurance During Running in Male Long-Distance Runners

Serum from exercising humans suppresses t-cell cytokine production

Repeated-bout exercise in the heat in young athletes: physiological strain and perceptual responses

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