Exercise and Thyroid Function

Ylli, Dorina; Kłubo-Gwieździńska, Joanna; Wartofsky, Léonard

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-33376-8_6

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 167 publications

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“…Physical activity and exercise require energy provided by the adequate mobilization of fuels to active tissues as heart and muscle ( 8 , 122 , 123 ). Data on HPT axis response after exercise has been controversial since conditions such as exhaustion, that induce a negative energy balance or high stress, inhibit the axis ( 124 ). Voluntary exercise performed in a running wheel does not cause stress and instead, diminishes HPA axis responses to stressors ( 125 ).…”

Section: The Hpt Axis In the Symphony Of Energy Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Dimorphic Responses of the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis to Energy Demands and Stress

Sotelo-Rivera

Gutiérrez-Mata

et al. 2021

Front. Endocrinol.

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The hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid-axis (HPT) is one of the main neuroendocrine axes that control energy expenditure. The activity of hypophysiotropic thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) neurons is modulated by nutritional status, energy demands and stress, all of which are sex dependent. Sex dimorphism has been associated with sex steroids whose concentration vary along the life-span, but also to sex chromosomes that define not only sexual characteristics but the expression of relevant genes. In this review we describe sex differences in basal HPT axis activity and in its response to stress and to metabolic challenges in experimental animals at different stages of development, as well as some of the limited information available on humans. Literature review was accomplished by searching in Pubmed under the following words: “sex dimorphic” or “sex differences” or “female” or “women” and “thyrotropin” or “thyroid hormones” or “deiodinases” and “energy homeostasis” or “stress”. The most representative articles were discussed, and to reduce the number of references, selected reviews were cited.

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Section: The Hpt Axis In the Symphony Of Energy Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Dimorphic Responses of the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis to Energy Demands and Stress

Sotelo-Rivera

Gutiérrez-Mata

et al. 2021

Front. Endocrinol.

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“…THs have an important effect on numerous systemic actions including muscular and cardiorespiratory function [61]. It has been extensively reported that the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is stimulated in response to physical activity, and different exercise intensities were also demonstrated to have an important role on thyroid function [18]. However, there are few studies exploring the relationship between physical activity levels and thyroid function in euthyroid adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Physical activity is known to play a role in the regulation of many endocrine glands, including the thyroid gland, modulating THs secretion [17]. Abnormal THs circulating concentration has a major impact on physical activity tolerance and might result in decreased ability to perform vigorous activities [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, physical activity itself could have direct effects on thyroid function because as it produces alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, either due to acute or long-lasting effects [18]. Most studies have been conducted in trained subjects and/or patients with thyroid disease [19], thus, it is of great interest to study the relationship between habitual physical activity levels and thyroid function in sedentary and euthyroid subjects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association between lifestyle factors and thyroid function in young euthyroid adults

Merchán-Ramírez¹,

Sánchez-Delgado²,

Jurado‐Fasoli³

et al. 2023

Food Science and Human Wellness

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The present work examines the associations of dietary habits, sedentarism, physical activity (PA) levels and sleep habits, with thyroid function in young euthyroid adults. Methods: A total of 105 young euthyroid adults participated in this cross-sectional study. Thyroid function was determined in fasting conditions (> 6 h). Dietary habits were measured by a food frequency questionnaire and three non-consecutive 24 h recalls, and different dietary intake and patterns were then estimated. The time spent in sedentary, PA levels and sleep habits were objectively measured using a wrist-worn accelerometer. Results: Energy and carbohydrate intake were positively associated with thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) (β = 0.222; R 2 = 0.102; P = 0.022 and β = 0.425; R 2 = 0.129; P = 0.007, respectively) whereas fat intake was negatively associated with TSH (β = −0.428; R 2 = 0.137; P = 0.004). Energy intake was also positively associated with free triiodothyronine (β = 0.277; R 2 = 0.137; P = 0.004). Further, adherence to the Mediterranean diet was negatively related to TSH and free thyroxine (FT4) (β = −0.221; R 2 = 0.113; P = 0.020 and β = −0.268; R 2 = 0.071; P = 0.007, respectively). Vigorous-intensity and overall PA were negatively associated with FT4 (β = −0.227; R 2 = 0.052; P = 0.022 and β = −0.204; R 2 = 0.042; P = 0.041, respectively). In contrast, no associations were found between sleep parameters and thyroid function. Conclusions: Lifestyle factors such as dietary intake and PA levels seems to be related to thyroid function in young euthyroid adults.

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“…Similarly, the reduced exercise performance in the current model may relate to impaired thyroid function. Indeed, there is a reciprocal relationship between exercise and thyroid hormone levels, with low thyroid hormone causing impaired exercise performance [ 31 ], while voluntary exercise in rats is known to stimulate thyroid hormone production [ 32 ]. The fact that no overt differences in exercise occurred in our sedentary model suggests that the low thyroid hormone may precede the impaired exercise performance, rather than low exercise contributing to the low thyroid hormone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selenium Deficiency during Pregnancy in Mice Impairs Exercise Performance and Metabolic Function in Adult Offspring

2022

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Selenium deficiency during the perinatal period programs metabolic dysfunction in offspring. Postnatal exercise may prevent the development of programmed metabolic disease. This study investigated the impact of selenium deficiency on offspring exercise behavior and whether this improved metabolic health. Female C57BL/6 mice were randomly allocated to control (NormalSe, >190 μg/Se/kg, n = 8) or low-selenium (LowSe, <50 μg/Se/kg, n = 8) diets from four weeks before mating. Male offspring were weaned at postnatal day (PN) twenty-four and placed on a normal chow diet. At PN60, mice were placed in cages with bi-directional running wheels and monitored until PN180. LowSe offspring had a reduced average weekly running speed and distance (p < 0.05). LowSe offspring exhibited glucose intolerance, with increased peak blood glucose (p < 0.05) and area under the curve following an intra-peritoneal injection of glucose (p < 0.05). Furthermore, mRNA expression of several selenoproteins within cardiac and skeletal muscle were increased in LowSe offspring (p < 0.05). The results indicated that selenium deficiency during development reduces exercise behavior. Furthermore, exercise does not prevent programmed glucose intolerance in low-selenium offspring. This highlights that exercise may not be the optimal intervention for metabolic disease in offspring impacted by selenium deficiency in early life.

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Exercise and Thyroid Function

Cited by 7 publications

References 167 publications

Sex Dimorphic Responses of the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis to Energy Demands and Stress

Sex Dimorphic Responses of the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis to Energy Demands and Stress

Association between lifestyle factors and thyroid function in young euthyroid adults

Selenium Deficiency during Pregnancy in Mice Impairs Exercise Performance and Metabolic Function in Adult Offspring

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