Exercise and Respiratory Tract Viral Infections

Martin, Stephen A.; Pence, Brandt D.; Woods, Jeffrey A.

doi:10.1097/jes.0b013e3181b7b57b

Cited by 204 publications

(183 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Our study shows ARI severity was reduced in the exercise group compared with the control group, but MBSR reduced it even more. Nevertheless, this finding agrees with prior literature which shows moderate‐intensity exercise not only improves the immune system but also reduces incidence of ARI illness 22,23 . Our study and others also support the general health benefits of exercise for preventing ARI illness 12 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Advantage of meditation over exercise in reducing cold and flu illness is related to improved function and quality of life

Obasi

Brown

Ewers

et al. 2012

Influenza Resp Viruses

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Purpose To examine whether apparent advantages following training in meditation over exercise can be attributed to specific symptoms, functional impairments, or quality of life indicators assessed by the Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey (WURSS-24). Methods Results from the randomized controlled trial “Meditation or Exercise for Preventing Acute Respiratory Illness” (MEPARI) showed mean global severity and total days of illness were worse in Control (358, 8.9) compared to Exercise (248, 5.1) or Meditation (144, 5.0). Global severity of illness was estimated using area-under-the-curve from daily self-reported severity scores on the WURSS-24. For the current project, we estimated within-group WURSS item-level severity and between-group effect sizes (Cohen's “d” statistic) relative to control. The item-level effect sizes were grouped into 1) symptoms and 2) function and quality of life domains. Results Among the 3 groups, mediators showed the lowest severity estimates for 21 of 22 WURSS items. Item-level Cohen's “d” indicated most benefit was evident in WURSS items representing function and quality of life. Compared to exercise, meditation fostered larger reductions in illness severity, although due mostly to improved function and the quality of life domain (d = − 0.33, p<0.001) compared to symptom domain (d = − 0.22, p<0.001). Conclusions The apparent advantage of training in meditation over exercise for reducing cold and flu illness is explained more by improved function and quality of life than by a reduction in symptom severity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Advantage of meditation over exercise in reducing cold and flu illness is related to improved function and quality of life

Obasi

Brown

Ewers

et al. 2012

Influenza Resp Viruses

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“…Thus, the microbiota regulate type 2 responses through induction of type 3 RORγt + T reg and T H 17 cells, thereby balancing immune responses at mucosal surfaces (147). Exercise can also influence the immune system and how they modulate microorganisms (148,149). Intense exercise causes immunosuppression, while moderate intensity exercise improves immune function and potentially reduces risk and severity of respiratory viral infection by increasing stress hormones, reduce excessive local inflammation and skew the immune response to a Th2 phenotype (148).…”

Section: Microorganisms and Immune Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exercise can also influence the immune system and how they modulate microorganisms (148,149). Intense exercise causes immunosuppression, while moderate intensity exercise improves immune function and potentially reduces risk and severity of respiratory viral infection by increasing stress hormones, reduce excessive local inflammation and skew the immune response to a Th2 phenotype (148). Similarly, exercise can also influence bacterial infections.…”

Section: Microorganisms and Immune Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Host Microbiome Regulates and Maintains Human Health: A Primer and Perspective for Non-Microbiologists

et al. 2017

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Humans consider themselves discrete autonomous organisms, but recent research is rapidly strengthening the appreciation that associated microorganisms make essential contributions to human health and well-being. Each person is inhabited and also surrounded by his/her own signature microbial cloud. A low diversity of microorganisms is associated with a plethora of diseases including allergy, diabetes, obesity, arthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases and even neuropsychiatric disorders. Thus, an interaction of microorganisms with the host immune system is required for a healthy body. Exposure to microorganisms from the moment we are born and appropriate microbiome assembly during childhood are essential for establishing an active immune system necessary to prevent disease later in life. Exposure to microorganisms educates the immune system, induces adaptive immunity and initiates memory B and T cells that are essential to combat various pathogens. The correct microbial-based education of immune cells may be critical in preventing the development of autoimmune diseases and cancer. This review provides a broad overview of the importance of the host microbiome and accumulating knowledge of how it regulates and maintains a healthy human system.

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“…This immune dysfunction can last for several days after exercise and is typically characterized by a decrease in the total number of circulating lymphocyte cells (Gleeson and Bishop 2005; Handzlik et al 2013; Nieman et al 2001), impaired activation and cytolytic function of natural killer (NK) cells (Gleeson and Bishop 2005; Nieman 1997; Nieman et al 1997), decreased secretion of immunoglobulin A (Gleeson and Pyne 2015) and an altered type 1/type 2 T cell response, in favour of the latter (Martin et al 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

T-regulatory cells exhibit a biphasic response to prolonged endurance exercise in humans

et al. 2017

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PurposeT-regulatory cells (Tregs) are a sub-population of lymphocytes that act to suppress aberrant immune responses. We investigated changes in the numbers of naïve and terminally differentiated Tregs in the peripheral blood to establish their role in the immuno-suppressive response to prolonged exercise.MethodsBlood was drawn from seventeen experienced runners (age 40 ± 12 years; height 1.75 ± 0.08 m; mass 71.4 ± 10.8 kg) before, ~1 h after (POST-1h), and on the day following the marathon (POST-1d). Tregs (CD3+CD4+Foxp3+CD25++CD127−) were analysed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells using flow cytometry. The markers CD45RA and HLA-DR were included to define naïve and terminally differentiated Tregs, respectively.ResultsThe absolute number of Tregs decreased (27%) POST-1h marathon (P < 0.001) but increased (21%) at POST-1d (P < 0.01). Naïve CD45RA+ Tregs fell by 39% POST-1h (P < 0.01) but were unaffected POST-1d (P > 0.05). In contrast, an increased number of Tregs expressing HLA-DR was observed at POST-1d (P < 0.01). Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 levels in the serum all increased POST-1h (P > 0.05) but returned to pre-exercise levels POST-1d. The suppressive cytokine, transforming growth factor-beta, was unaffected by the marathon (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThese results suggest that Tregs do not play a major role in immune suppression in the early hours of recovery from a marathon. However, terminally differentiated HLA-DR+ Tregs are mobilized the following day, which could represent a compensatory attempt by the host to restore immune homeostasis and limit excessive cell damage.

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Exercise and Respiratory Tract Viral Infections

Cited by 204 publications

References 26 publications

Advantage of meditation over exercise in reducing cold and flu illness is related to improved function and quality of life

Advantage of meditation over exercise in reducing cold and flu illness is related to improved function and quality of life

The Host Microbiome Regulates and Maintains Human Health: A Primer and Perspective for Non-Microbiologists

T-regulatory cells exhibit a biphasic response to prolonged endurance exercise in humans

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