Exercise and physical activity for older adults

Vanbeveren, Patrick; Avers, Dale

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-02948-3.00014-6

Cited by 13 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…Effective stretching exercises require longer holding times with increasing age and loss of extensibility, so if there is no pain, 60 seconds is necessary for older adults to achieve a long-term effect. Four repetitions of a 60-second hold performed regularly, 5 to 7 days a week, appear to be most effective [96].…”

Section: Flexibility Exercisesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In those cases and for frail older adults, it is sensible to add aerobic activity following strengthening and balance exercise to stabilize or support the joint and decrease pain followed by functional improvement [15,82,83,92,96]. Both high and low intensity resistive training significantly reduces pain [99].…”

Section: Strengthening Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Older adults tend to have some movement patterns and positioning, which causes joint movement limitation resulting in painful movement patterns. Consideration of the potential for future painful conditions also should be treated by stretching [96].…”

Section: Flexibility Exercisesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Daily activities and some hobbies like walking the dog, mowing the lawn or playing golf, are also considered as aerobic exercise [78,92]. To prevent overuse of specific joints and to elicit long-term participation, activity selection for aerobic exercise is important and depends on the patient's current disease state, joint stability, opportunities, individual's preference and abilities [96].…”

Section: Aerobic Exercisesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The talk test represents the ability to engage in a conversation during exercise. When the exerciser reaches an intensity at which he or she can "just barely respond in conversation," the intensity is considered to be safe and appropriate for cardiovascular adaptation [96]. The initial intensity may be 9-11 point in rating of perceived exertion for frail and sedentary older adults [92].…”

Section: Aerobic Exercisesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Management of Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain in the Elderly: Dilemmas and Remedies

Edeer¹,

Tuna²

2012

Pain in Perspective

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Pain in Perspective 94percent of community dwelling adults aged 60 years or above have been found to experience pain and this number increases to 45-80% in the nursing home population with analgesics being used in 40% to 50% of residents [1,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Brown et al report higher percentage and state that more than 90% of the elderly living in the community experienced pain within the past month [6]. Given the prevalence of chronic pain, its impact on health, and its costs, which approach $100 billion annually, chronic pain represents a major public health issue [20].While the existence of acute pain remains approximately the same across the adult life span, there is an age-related increase in the prevalence of chronic pain at least until the seventh decade of life [13,15]. Approximately 57% of older adults report experiencing pain for 1 or more years compared with less than 45% of younger people. Furthermore, long-term care data indicate that over 40% of patients, who were known to have pain at an initial assessment, had worsening or severe pain at the time of the second assessment 2-6 months later [21]. Chronic musculoskeletal painChronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP) is the most common, non-malignant disabling condition that affects at least one in four older people [22,23]. The most musculoskeletal pain in the joints of the upper and lower extremities, especially hips, knees, and hands, is associated with the degenerative changes of osteoarthritis. Older adults may also develop tendonitis and bursitis, as well as inflammatory joint and muscle disease [24]. The most common painful musculoskeletal conditions among older adults are osteoarthritis, low back pain, fibromyalgia, chronic shoulder pain, knee pain, myofascial pain syndrome and previous fracture sites [7,23,25].It is reported that the most common causes of pain identified in nursing home patients included arthritis and previous fractures. Arthritis alone affects well over 20 million Americans with an increase to 40 million expected by 2020. Twenty-nine percent of Medicare patients in nursing homes with a fracture in the prior 6 months suffer with daily pain [13]. Also surgical procedures are more frequently performed on older people. In the Medicare population in the United States for example, rates of total joint replacement surgery for patients with severe hip or knee osteoarthritis are more than doubled between 1988 and 1997. Over the same time period, rates of spine surgery in Medicare patients increased by 57% [23]. Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is one of the most common, poorly understood, and potentially disabling chronic pain condition s i n o l d e r a d u l t s [ 2 6 ] . M a n y o l d e r a d u l t s r e m a i n q u i t e functional despite CLBP, and because age-related co-morbidities often exist independently of pain, the unique impact of CLBP is unknown [27]. The Framingham Study (1992-1993 reported 63% of women pain in one or more regions, compared to 52% of men. Widespread CMP was more prevalent among women than men (15 versu...

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Section: Flexibility Exercisesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Strengthening Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Flexibility Exercisesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Aerobic Exercisesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Aerobic Exercisesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Management of Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain in the Elderly: Dilemmas and Remedies

Edeer¹,

Tuna²

2012

Pain in Perspective

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The spin rates of O stars in WR+O Magellanic Cloud binaries

Shara

Crawford

Vanbeveren

et al. 2020

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Some massive, merging black holes (BH) may be descendants of binary O stars. The evolution and mass transfer between these O stars determines the spins of their progeny BH. These will be measurable with future gravitational wave detectors, incentivizing the measurement of the spins of O stars in binaries. We previously measured the spins of O stars in Galactic Wolf-Rayet (WR) + O binaries. Here we measure the v e sini of four LMC and two SMC O stars in WR + O binaries to determine whether lower metallicity might affect the spin rates. We find that the O stars in Galactic and Magellanic WR + O binaries display average v e sini = 258 ± 18 km/s and 270 ± 15 km/s, respectively. Two LMC O stars measured on successive nights show significant line width variability, possibly due to differing orbital phases exhibiting different parts of the O stars illuminated differently by their WR companions. Despite this variability, the v e sini are highly super-synchronous but distinctly subcritical for the O stars in all these binaries; thus we conclude that an efficient mechanism for shedding angular momentum from O stars in WR + O binaries must exist. This mechanism, probably related to Roche lobe overflow-created dynamo magnetic fields, prevents nearly 100% breakup spin rates, as expected when RLOF operates, as it must, in these stars. A Spruit-Tayler dynamo and O star wind might be that mechanism.

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The spin rates of O stars in WR + O binaries – I. Motivation, methodology, and first results from SALT

Shara

Crawford

Vanbeveren

et al. 2016

Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.

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The black holes (BH) in merging BH-BH binaries are likely progeny of binary O stars. Their properties, including their spins, will be strongly influenced by the evolution of their progenitor O stars. The remarkable observation that many single O stars spin very rapidly can be explained if they accreted angular momentum from a mass-transferring, O-type or Wolf-Rayet companion before that star blew up as a supernova. To test this prediction, we have measured the spin rates of eight O stars in Wolf-Rayet (WR) + O binaries, increasing the total sample size of such O stars' measured spins from two to ten. Polarimetric and other determinations of these systems' sin i allow us to determine an average equatorial rotation velocity from HeI (HeII) lines of v e = 348 (173) km/s for these O stars, with individual star's v e from HeI (HeII) lines ranging from 482 (237) to 290 (91) km/s. We argue that the ∼ 100% difference between HeI and HeII speeds is due to gravity darkening. Super-synchronous spins, now observed in all 10 O stars in WR + O binaries where it has been measured, are strong observational evidence that Roche lobe overflow mass transfer from a WR progenitor companion has played a critical role in the evolution of WR+OB binaries. While theory predicts that this mass transfer rapidly spins-up the O-type mass gainer to a nearly break-up rotational velocity v e ∼ 530 km/s, the observed average v e of the O-type stars in our sample is 65% that speed. This demonstrates that, even over the relatively short WR-phase timescale, tidal and/or other effects causing rotational spin-down must be efficient. A challenge to tidal synchronization theory is that the two longest-period binaries in our sample (with periods of 29.7 and 78.5 days) unexpectedly display super-synchronous rotation.

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Exercise and physical activity for older adults

Cited by 13 publications

References 114 publications

Management of Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain in the Elderly: Dilemmas and Remedies

Management of Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain in the Elderly: Dilemmas and Remedies

The spin rates of O stars in WR+O Magellanic Cloud binaries

The spin rates of O stars in WR + O binaries – I. Motivation, methodology, and first results from SALT

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