Exercise and Peripheral Nerve Grafts as a Strategy To Promote Regeneration after Acute or Chronic Spinal Cord Injury

Theisen, Catherine C.; Sachdeva, Rahul; Austin, Scarlett; Kulich, Danielle; Kranz, Victoria A; Houlé, John D.

doi:10.1089/neu.2016.4640

Cited by 29 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Additionally, we demonstrated the coexistence of graft-induced cholinergic (peripheral) and glutamatergic (central) neurotransmission in reinnervated skeletal IOAM (immunoblotting), which has not been discussed in his previous papers. Taken together, our new observations do not contradict GB's and Pizzi's conclusions, but they do support our hypothesis that PNG regeneration can be mediated by different types of spinal neurons (motor, sensory, interneuron), and therefore coexistence of the two neurotransmitter types is not surprising [87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…An advantage is its ability to penetrate the blood-spinal cord barrier. We hypothesized that the acute treatment with CERE resulted in a) cell protection in the region of surgical spinal cord injury by the grafting procedure, b) neuroregeneration, and c) neuro-recovery within both the cord and graft, according to promising reports and evidence from brain and spinal cord lesions [18,19,22,23,28,31,[86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, taking all this evidence into account, even with the limited numbers of animals, it was possible to provide evidence of successful reinnervation of skeletal muscle by PNG from the thoracic lateral cortical-spinal tract and, above all, to obtain a new understanding of graft-induced central plasticity. This grafting procedure in the rat model has been demonstrated to be a suitable research model for further scientific studies on graft-induced plasticity and pharmacological neuromodulation [42,[93][94][95].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New Aspects of Graft-induced Central Plasticity and Neuroregeneration at T 10 in a Rat Model†

Wild¹,

Cătoi²,

Wild³

et al. 2017

J Neurol Neurophysiol

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Objective: Retest Brunelli's graft induced glutamate neurotransmitter switch at the neuromuscular junction in rat for the translation of new aspects of central plasticity concepts for human reconstructive surgery in spinal cord lesions. Methods:Randomized double blind controlled study in rat, which was limited to 30 animals (Charles River, 220 to 280 g). Ethical research approval was obtained from the Animal Research Committee of the University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, UK-SH, Lübeck, D, and legitimated by the Governmental Department of Agriculture, Natural Environments and Agriculture Kiel, D, in compliance with the European Commission Recommendation to retest and review of graft-induced glutamatergic regeneration and /or cholinergic co-transmission at the neuromuscular junction for reinnervation of the skeletal internal obliquus abdominal muscle fibres. Assessments were performed to demonstrate pharmacological neuromodulation after attaching the lateral corticospinal tract at T10 to the bisected skeletal motor nerve. Medication was administered for 14 days postoperatively-a) verum Cerebrolysin ® IP=12-b) shams NaCl 0.9% IP=11, and c) 7 controls (nil). 2nd Op at day 90 (16 surviving rats) for open proof of reinnervation and its type by a) CMAP, b)Vecuronium ® application. Fast Blue ® labeling were performed. 10 days later, on the 3rd Op N=15, euthanasia and organ fixation were performed. Extensive histology-morphology examinations were performed in Cluj.Results: Eight rats showed positive CMAPs. Reinnervation and neuromodulation were demonstrated by counting and comparison of the grafted muscle fibers diameter. Four CAMP-positive-rats received Vecuronium ® : 1 CERE and 1 NaCl each demonstrated a loss of amplitude respectively two an incomplete muscle blockage due to the coexistence of glutamatergic and cholinergic neurotransmission. Confirmation of the VGluT2 in axons was observed by immunofluorescence. FB+ neurons were observed in many Rexed laminae in grafted spinal cord, but not in the brain. Conclusion:The coexistence of graft-induced cholinergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission and a great capacity of lower motor neurons and other types of spinal neurons to regenerate were observed. Because of limited animals, pharmacological neuromodulation requires further investigation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New Aspects of Graft-induced Central Plasticity and Neuroregeneration at T 10 in a Rat Model†

Wild¹,

Cătoi²,

Wild³

et al. 2017

J Neurol Neurophysiol

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“…Peripheral nerves communicate between neurons and muscles [14, 15]. Degeneration of motor axons in the PNS is a crucial and significant pathological feature in patients and in animal models of ALS, and it is linked to defects in axonal transport and message transmission [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progressive Degeneration and Inhibition of Peripheral Nerve Regeneration in the SOD1-G93A Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Deng

Duan

et al. 2018

Cell Physiol Biochem

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Background: Myelination, degeneration and regeneration are implicated in crucial responses to injury in the peripheral nervous system. Considering the progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), we used the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1)-G93A transgenic mouse model of ALS to investigate the effects of mutant SOD1 on the peripheral nerves. Methods: Changes in peripheral nerve morphology were analyzed in SOD1 mutant mice at various stages of the disease by toluidine blue staining and electron microscopy (EM). Schwann cell proliferation and recruitment of inflammatory factors were detected by immunofluorescence staining and quantitative reverse transcription PCR and were compared between SOD1 mutant mice and control mice. Furthermore, western blotting (WB) and TUNEL staining were used to investigate axonal damage and Schwann cell survival in the sciatic nerves of mice in both groups. Results: An analysis of the peripheral nervous system in SOD1-G93A mice revealed the following novel features: (i) Schwann cells and axons in mutant mice underwent changes that were similar to those seen in the control mice during the early development of peripheral nerves. (ii) The peripheral nerves of SOD1-G93A mice developed progressive neuropathy, which presented as defects in axons and myelin, leading to difficulty in walking and reduced locomotor capacity at a late stage of the disease. (iii) Macrophages were recruited and accumulated, and nerve injury and a deficit in the blood-nerve barrier were observed. (iv) Proliferation and the inflammatory micro-environment were inhibited, which impaired the regeneration and remyelination of axons after crush injury in the SOD1-G93A mice. Conclusions: The mutant human SOD1 protein induced axonal and myelin degeneration during the progression of ALS and participated in axon remyelination and regeneration in response to injury.

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“…Nonoperative treatment applies to mild patients, elective surgery patients, and patients who cannot tolerate the operation. The available measures include analgesic treatment, rehabilitation exercise, traction therapy, and so on [16][17][18]. Nonoperative treatment should aim at relieving pain and to ease respiratory burden by suppressing the increase of systemic oxygen consumption caused by pain, which can contribute to improve the COVID-19 condition [19].…”

Section: Nonoperative Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advice on Standardized Diagnosis and Treatment for Spinal Diseases during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic

Zou

Song

et al. 2020

Asian Spine J

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Coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak started in December 2019 that caused difficulties for clinical work. Practical work experience in our spinal outpatient and emergency department during the COVID-19 pandemic is summarized in this article, with combined evidence-based medical evidence to explore a standardized process of diagnosis and treatment for spinal diseases. Outpatient reservation, continuous screening, triage, and isolation, first consultation accountability system, pandemic reporting system, and online revisit were strictly followed. We hope that our experience in prevention and control of COVID-19 can help spine surgeons globally in stopping the spread of COVID-19. Spine surgeons should collaborate with infection control specialists to avoid cross-infection in hospitals and optimize treatment.

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Exercise and Peripheral Nerve Grafts as a Strategy To Promote Regeneration after Acute or Chronic Spinal Cord Injury

Cited by 29 publications

References 36 publications

New Aspects of Graft-induced Central Plasticity and Neuroregeneration at T 10 in a Rat Model†

New Aspects of Graft-induced Central Plasticity and Neuroregeneration at T 10 in a Rat Model†

Progressive Degeneration and Inhibition of Peripheral Nerve Regeneration in the SOD1-G93A Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Advice on Standardized Diagnosis and Treatment for Spinal Diseases during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic

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