Exercise and Other Factors in the Prevention of Hip Fracture

Paganini‐Hill, Annlia; Chao, Ann; Ross, Ronald K.; Henderson, Brian E.

doi:10.1097/00001648-199101000-00004

Cited by 382 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…All the studies were prospective cohort studies published between 1991 and 2011, with a total of 907,913 participants with 7,478 incident hip fracture cases involved. Four studies were conducted in the US [10, 13–15]; the other 3 were conducted in Europe [11, 12, 16]. Four studies [11, 12, 15, 16] consisted of both women and men, 2 studies [10, 13] only involved women, and 1 study [14] only consisted of men.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the relationship between height and risk of hip fracture is inconsistent. Some studies [9–15] have reported significantly increased risk among taller participants, while others [16, 17] have failed to confirm this finding. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the evidence from prospective cohort studies to explore whether an association exists between height and risk of hip fracture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Height and Risk of Hip Fracture: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

Xiao

Ren

Feng

et al. 2016

BioMed Research International

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The association between height and risk of hip fracture has been investigated in several studies, but the evidence is inconclusive. We therefore conducted this meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies to explore whether an association exists between height and risk of hip fracture. We searched PubMed and EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library for studies of height and risk of hip fracture up to February 16, 2016. The random-effects model was used to combine results from individual studies. Seven prospective cohort studies, with 7,478 incident hip fracture cases and 907,913 participants, were included for analysis. The pooled relative risk (RR) was 1.65 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.26–2.16) comparing the highest with the lowest category of height. Result from dose-response analysis suggested a linear association between height and hip fracture risk (P-nonlinearity = 0.0378). The present evidence suggests that height is positively associated with increased risk of hip fracture. Further well-designed cohort studies are needed to confirm the present findings in other ethnicities.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Height and Risk of Hip Fracture: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

Xiao

Ren

Feng

et al. 2016

BioMed Research International

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“…Total calcium intake included dietary and supplement sources in 4 studies (3,21,25,26) and only dietary calcium intake in 4 studies (20,(22)(23)(24). This omission may not have been important in the older studies (20,23), because calcium intake from supplements became widespread only in the late 1980s (21).…”

Section: Studies Identifiedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium intake and hip fracture risk in men and women: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials

Bischoff‐Ferrari

Dawson‐Hughes

Baron

et al. 2007

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

198

107

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Background:The role of total calcium intake in the prevention of hip fracture risk has not been well established. Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the relation of calcium intake to the risk of hip fracture on the basis of meta-analyses of cohort studies and clinical trials. Results: In women (7 prospective cohort studies, 170 991 women, 2954 hip fractures), there was no association between total calcium intake and hip fracture risk [pooled risk ratio (RR) per 300 mg total Ca/d ҃ 1.01; 95% CI: 0.97, 1.05]. In men (5 prospective cohort studies, 68 606 men, 214 hip fractures), the pooled RR per 300 mg total Ca/d was 0.92 (95% CI: 0.82, 1.03). On the basis of 5 clinical trials (n ҃ 5666 women, primarily postmenopausal, plus 1074 men) with 814 nonvertebral fractures, the pooled RR for nonvertebral fractures between calcium supplementation (800 -1600 mg/d) and placebo was 0.92 (95% CI: 0.81, 1.05). On the basis of 4 clinical trials with separate results for hip fracture (6504 subjects with 139 hip fractures), the pooled RR between calcium and placebo was 1.64 (95% CI:1.02, 2.64). Sensitivity analyses including 2 additional small trials with 100 participants or per-protocol results did not substantially alter results. Conclusions: Pooled results from prospective cohort studies suggest that calcium intake is not significantly associated with hip fracture risk in women or men. Pooled results from randomized controlled trials show no reduction in hip fracture risk with calcium supplementation, and an increased risk is possible. For any nonvertebral fractures, there was a neutral effect in the randomized trials.Am J Clin Nutr 2007;86:1780 -90.

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“…41,43,44 Immobility is a significant risk factor for osteoporosis, with up to 40% loss of BMD reported. 45 Many investigators have found that weight-bearing exercises are beneficial in the maintenance of bone mass 46,47 in addition to retarding bone loss 48 and reducing the fracture rate. 46,49 -51 However, some other investigators have not found any such association.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…39,45,48 Oefelein et al 54 reviewed data from 181 patients with prostate carcinoma who were treated with ADT and found that slender white men (BMI Ͻ 25 kg/m 2 ) were at the greatest risk of osteoporotic fractures. The protective role of obesity can be explained by higher serum estrogen levels in obese men secondary to peripheral aromatization of androgens in adipose tissue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors affecting bone mineral density in patients with prostate carcinoma before and after orchidectomy

Agarwal

Khandelwal

Mandal

et al. 2005

Cancer

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BACKGROUNDOrchidectomy is an accepted form of androgen‐deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate carcinoma. Osteoporosis is common in elderly individuals and is accelerated by ADT. The authors studied changes in bone mineral density (BMD) after ADT and factors that affected those changes.METHODSFifty patients with prostatic adenocarcinoma who opted to undergo orchidectomy were studied prospectively. All patients completed 6 months of follow‐up, and 20 of those patients completed 12 months of follow‐up. Patients' age, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, addiction (smoking, alcohol), dietary calcium intake, and lactose tolerance status were noted. Lumbar spinal (L1–L3) trabecular BMD was measured with quantitative computed tomography (QCT) at baseline and every 6 months for 1 year and was compared with preoperative values. The effects of various patient characteristics on preoperative BMD and changes in BMD also were analyzed.RESULTSThe mean ± standard deviation (SD) age of the patients was 69.5 ± 8.1 years, BMI was 23.5 ± 3.9 kg/m2, dietary calcium intake was 1066.1 ± 443.3 mg per day. Thirty‐eight percent of patients were lactose intolerant. Sixty‐two percent of patients were in the light weight‐bearing activity group. The mean ± SD preoperative BMD was 119.2 ± 34.9 mg/cc, with T‐scores of − 1.77 ± 1.22 and Z‐scores of 0.43 ± 1.27. A decrease in BMD during the first 6 months (≈ 13%) was statistically significant (P = 0.0001) and continued further during next 6 months (BMD loss of ≈ 18% at 12 months). Patients with osteoporosis, as defined by T‐scores ≤ − 2.5, increased from 24% at baseline to 48% at 6 months. Nonsmokers, nonalcoholics, patients with higher physical activity, and patients with a BMI > 25 kg/m2 had statistically significant higher BMD compared with their counterparts (P < 0.05). Body weight < 60 kg and BMI < 25 kg/m2 were significant risk factors for loss of BMD (P < 0.05). Dietary calcium had a discernible but statistically insignificant effect on BMD (P = 0.16). Lactose intolerance had no significant effect on BMD or bone loss.CONCLUSIONSOsteoporosis was common in the population affected by prostate carcinoma. Orchidectomy led to accelerated bone loss. Periodic measurement of BMD after ADT would help in the early detection of osteoporosis. Maintenance of high BMI, weight‐bearing physical activity, avoidance of alcohol and smoking, and possibly high dietary calcium intake help in maintaining bone mass. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.

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Exercise and Other Factors in the Prevention of Hip Fracture

Cited by 382 publications

References 34 publications

Height and Risk of Hip Fracture: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

Height and Risk of Hip Fracture: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

Calcium intake and hip fracture risk in men and women: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials

Factors affecting bone mineral density in patients with prostate carcinoma before and after orchidectomy

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