Exercise and Detraining: Effect on Food Intake, Adiposity and Lipogenesis in Osborne-Mendel Rats Made Obese by a High Fat Diet

Applegate, Elizabeth; Upton, David E.; Stern, Judith S.

doi:10.1093/jn/114.2.447

Cited by 61 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Overfeeding of young animals leads to an increase in lean tissue that amounts to around 80% of the weight gain (10,11). Adult rats that are overfed show increases in lean tissue that comprise from 15% to 30% of the total weight gained (12,13). Therefore, lemmings that are undergoing rapid weight gain when transferred from LD to SD or those animals gaining weight slowly when maintained under LD conditions do so in a manner that is similar to young animals (a large portion of the weight gain is LTM).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body Composition in a Seasonal Model of Obesity: Longitudinal Measures and Validation of DXA

Hunter

Nagy

2002

Obesity Research

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HUNTER, HEATHER L. AND TIM R. NAGY. Body composition in a seasonal model of obesity: longitudinal measures and validation of DXA. Obes Res. 2002;10: 1180 -1187. Objective: Collared lemmings, Dicrostonyx groenlandicus, show rapid changes in body mass on a seasonal basis. The objective of this study was to measure longitudinal changes in body composition in animals undergoing photoperiodinduced weight gain and loss using DXA. Research Methods and Procedures: Adult, female collared lemmings exposed to either long (LD; 22 hours light/2 hours dark) or short (SD; 8 hours light/16 hours dark) photoperiods were anesthetized, and DXA was used to determine fat mass, lean tissue mass (LTM), total-body bone mineral content, and total-bone mineral density. After a baseline scan, one-half of the animals were transferred to the alternate photoperiod (SD-LD, weight loss; LD-SD, weight gain) and one-half remained on the same photoperiod (controls; SD-SD, LD-LD). Body composition was determined by DXA after 4 and 8 weeks. Animals were killed, and body composition was determined by carcass analysis. DXA-derived data were validated by comparing with carcass analysis. Results: Body composition by DXA was highly related to body composition measured by chemical analysis, thereby justifying the use of DXA. Lemmings in the SD-LD group lost weight, and this was reflected in measurable losses of fat and LTM. Lemmings in the LD-SD group gained weight, which was shown by measurable increases in fat, LTM and total-body bone mineral content. Discussion: Comparison of body composition determined by DXA to that by chemical extraction revealed that DXA is useful for measuring body composition. The longitudinal analysis revealed that collared lemmings undergo rapid changes in body composition when exposed to changes in photoperiod.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body Composition in a Seasonal Model of Obesity: Longitudinal Measures and Validation of DXA

Hunter

Nagy

2002

Obesity Research

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“…34,35 Chronically food restricted sedentary rats have comparably elevated arcuate NPY expression and quickly regain lost weight and adiposity when allowed free access to food. 3,36 The effect of exercise on food intake is highly dependent upon several experimental factors including strain, dietary fat content 11,15 and palatability. 16 Depending upon these conditions, exercise is associated with increased, 14,23 decreased 15 or no change in intake.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…16 Depending upon these conditions, exercise is associated with increased, 14,23 decreased 15 or no change in intake. [11][12][13] However, regardless of the overall effect on intake, exercising rats fail to make the appropriate alterations in their overall energy homeostasis to maintain the rate of body weight gain or adiposity of sedentary rats. This raises the question of whether there is some metabolic or physiologic signal produced by exercise, which lowers the defended level of body weight and adiposity.…”

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confidence: 99%

Differential effects of exercise on body weight gain and adiposity in obesity-prone and -resistant rats

Levin

Dunn-Meynell

2006

Int J Obes

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Objective: To determine the effect of exercise on weight gain and adiposity in obesity-prone and -resistant rats. Design: Body weight gain, fat pad weights, food intake, plasma leptin and insulin levels were assessed in outbred male SpragueDawley rats, which remained sedentary or were given unrestricted access to running wheels either before or after they developed diet-induced obesity (DIO) or diet-resistance (DR) on a high energy (HE; 31% fat) diet. Results: When fed a low fat (4.5%) chow diet, rats which would later develop DIO (n ¼ 6) after 3 weeks on HE diet ran the same amount as DR rats (n ¼ 6). Other rats were first made DIO (n ¼ 12) or DR (n ¼ 12) after 10 weeks on HE diet and then either kept sedentary or given running wheels for 4 weeks on HE diet. DIO and DR rats ran comparable amounts but only the DIO rats reduced their body weight gain, fat pad relative to body weights and plasma leptin levels significantly, compared to their sedentary controls. Exercise had no effect on food intake in either DIO or DR rats but reduced feed efficiency (weight gain/caloric intake) in both. Conclusion: Although DIO and DR rats ran similar amounts, the greater reduction in body weight gain and adiposity of exercising DIO rats suggests that they are more sensitive to some metabolic or physiologic system that prevents them from increasing their intake sufficiently to compensate for their net reduction in energy stores.

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“…28 Such a sustained effect of exercise does not occur in adult rats. 29 Our preliminary data suggest that this sustained obesity resistance was associated with a persistent increase in central leptin sensitivity. Of equal importance was the finding that when sedentary DIO pups on 31% fat diet were energy restricted to match their weights to those of the exercising pups for 6 weeks, they became more obese as adults once they were allowed to eat ad libitum.…”

Section: Early-onset Exercise Prevents Obesitymentioning

confidence: 70%

Synergy of nature and nurture in the development of childhood obesity

Levin

2009

Int J Obes

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Epidemiological studies suggest that maternal undernutrition, obesity and diabetes during gestation and lactation can all produce obesity in human offspring. Animal models provide a means of assessing the independent consequences of altering the pre-vs postnatal environments on a variety of metabolic, physiological and neuroendocrine functions, which lead to the development of offspring obesity, diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidemia. During the gestational period, maternal malnutrition, obesity, type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and psychological and pharmacological stressors can all promote offspring obesity. Normal postnatal nutrition can sometimes reduce the adverse effect of some of these prenatal factors, but may also exacerbate the development of obesity and diabetes in offspring of dams that are malnourished during gestation. The genetic background of the individual is also an important determinant of outcome when the perinatal environment is perturbed. Individuals with an obesity-prone genotype are more likely to be adversely affected by factors such as maternal obesity and highfat diets. Many perinatal manipulations are associated with reorganization of the central neural pathways which regulate food intake, energy expenditure and storage in ways that enhance the development of obesity and diabetes in offspring. Both leptin and insulin have strong neurotrophic properties so that an excess or an absence of either of them during the perinatal period may underlie some of these adverse developmental changes. As perinatal manipulations can permanently and adversely alter the systems that regulate energy homeostasis, it behooves us to gain a better understanding of the factors during this period that promote the development of offspring obesity as a means of stemming the tide of the emerging worldwide obesity epidemic.

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Exercise and Detraining: Effect on Food Intake, Adiposity and Lipogenesis in Osborne-Mendel Rats Made Obese by a High Fat Diet

Cited by 61 publications

References 28 publications

Body Composition in a Seasonal Model of Obesity: Longitudinal Measures and Validation of DXA

Body Composition in a Seasonal Model of Obesity: Longitudinal Measures and Validation of DXA

Differential effects of exercise on body weight gain and adiposity in obesity-prone and -resistant rats

Synergy of nature and nurture in the development of childhood obesity

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