Exercise and Cyclic Light Preconditioning Protect Against Light-Induced Retinal Degeneration and Evoke Similar Gene Expression Patterns

Chrenek, Micah A; Sellers, Jana T; Lawson, Eric C.; Cunha, Priscila; Johnson, Jessica L.; Girardot, Preston; Kendall, Cristina; Han, Moon Ku; Hanif, Adam M.; Ciavatta, Vincent T.; Gogniat, Marissa A.; Nickerson, John M.; Pardue, Machelle T.; Boatright, Jeffrey H

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-17121-0_59

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(30 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Exercise shows promise as an intervention for retinal degenerative disease, but many questions remain about the nature of its protective effects. Consistent with previous studies,12–14,16,17,41,42 we confirmed that exercise protects retinal function in a retinal degeneration model. We advanced these findings by demonstrating that higher intensity exercise may not provide more benefit to retinal function after LIRD, potentially because of the increased stress as reflected by increased circulating corticosterone levels.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Low-Intensity Exercise in Mice Is Sufficient to Protect Retinal Function During Light-Induced Retinal Degeneration

Mees

Coulter

Chrenek

et al. 2019

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose We previously reported that a specific treadmill running exercise regimen protects against light-induced retinal degeneration (LIRD) in mice. We hypothesized that this protective effect varies with running intensity. To test this, mice undergoing LIRD were run at different treadmill speeds and retinal function was assessed. Methods BALB/c mice were assigned to LIRD groups at varying treadmill speeds—0, 5, 10, or 20 m/min labeled inactive, low, medium, and high, respectively—and compared with naïve mice exposed to standard lighting (50 lux; naïve). Following 2 weeks of exercise, a subset of mice were exposed to toxic light (10,000 lux; LIRD) for 4 hours. After 5 additional days of exercise, retinal function was assessed by ERG. Corticosterone levels in serum and cathepsin B (CTSB) protein levels in muscle, brain, serum, and retina were measured. The retinal gene expression of complement factor 1qa ( C1qa ) and CTSB were measured. Results The low+LIRD and medium+LIRD exercise groups had greater a- and b-wave ERG amplitudes when compared with the inactive+LIRD group ( P < 0.02). The high+LIRD mice only differed from the inactive+LIRD mice in their dark-adapted b-waves. Serum corticosterone increased in the high+LIRD mice ( P < 0.006). Retinal CTSB protein levels were higher in the low+LIRD versus high+LIRD mice ( P < 0.004) but were otherwise unchanged. Exercise of any intensity decreased C1qa gene expression. Conclusions Faster running did not additionally protect against LIRD, but it did increase serum corticosterone, suggesting stress-induced limits to exercise benefits. Unexpectedly, exercise did not increase CTSB proteins levels in muscle or serum, suggesting that it may not mediate exercise effects. Our results have implications for the use of low-intensity exercise as a vision loss treatment.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Although the 10 m/min treadmill exercise regimens have previously been shown to protect against LIRD,17,42 it was not known if lower intensity exercise would be beneficial. One exciting application for this lower intensity but equally effective exercise treatment is for those suffering from age-related retinal degeneration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Intensity Exercise in Mice Is Sufficient to Protect Retinal Function During Light-Induced Retinal Degeneration

Mees

Coulter

Chrenek

et al. 2019

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…; Chrenek et al. ). Voluntary exercise using running wheel for 6 weeks was also suggested to protect photoreceptor in the retinitis pigmentosa model in mice (Hanif et al.…”

Section: Neuroprotection Of Physical Exercise In Glaucomamentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In diabetic retinopathy, exercise on the treadmill for 30 min/day, 5 days/week for 6 weeks was found to ameliorate diabetes-induced apoptosis in retinal cells (human or animal model) (Kim et al 2013). After 4 weeks of exercise (preconditioning of exercise for 2 weeks and additional 2 weeks of exercise after light exposure) at intensity of 10 metres/min, at a frequency of 5 days/ week, 60 min/day, was found to be effective in preserving function and count of photoreceptors in lightinduced retinal degenerative models in mice (Lawson et al 2014;Chrenek et al 2016). Voluntary exercise using running wheel for 6 weeks was also suggested to protect photoreceptor in the retinitis pigmentosa model in mice (Hanif et al 2015).…”

Section: Neuroprotection Of Physical Exercise In Glaucomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical exercise and glaucoma: a review on the roles of physical exercise on intraocular pressure control, ocular blood flow regulation, neuroprotection and glaucoma‐related mental health

Zhu

Lai

Choy

et al. 2018

Acta Ophthalmologica

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The benefits of physical exercise on health and well-being have been studied in a wide range of systemic and ocular diseases, including glaucoma, a progressive optic neuropathy characterized by accelerated apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and insufficient ocular perfusion have been postulated to be the two main theories in glaucoma development and progression. The effects of exercise in these two aspects have been demonstrated by numerous researches. A review in 2009 focusing on these two theories concluded that exercise results in transient IOP reduction but an inconsistent elevation in ocular perfusion. However, the majority of the studies had been conducted in healthy subjects. Over the past decade, technological advancement has brought forth new and more detailed evidence regarding the effects of exercise. Moreover, the neuroprotective effect of exercise by upregulation of neurotrophin and enhancement of mitochondrial function has been a focus of interest. Apart from visual impairment, the mental health issues in patients with glaucoma, which include anxiety and depression, should also be addressed. In this review, we mainly focus on publications from the recent years, so as to provide a comprehensive review on the impact of physical exercise on IOP, ocular perfusion, neuroprotection and mental health in patients with glaucoma.

show abstract

“…Regular general physical exercise is not only a part of healthy life style, but also a rehabilitation strategy showing neuroprotective effects in numerous diseases. Recently, exercise has been proven to be neuroprotective in animal models of retinal degeneration [85][86][87]. Wild-type BALB/c mice were forced to exercise for 5 days/ week for 2 weeks before being exposed to bright light.…”

Section: Studies In Animal Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protecting the Aging Retina

Shen¹,

Lo²

2019

Neuroprotection

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aging retina, notably the aging macula, is prone to develop degenerative diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of visual loss in individuals aged 65 or above in developed countries. However, current treatments are very limited. Since degeneration, dysfunction, and death of retinal neurons are demonstrated in the pathogenesis of AMD, neuroprotective strategies could serve as a possible way to treat AMD. In this chapter, we will briefly introduce risk factors, pathophysiology, affected neurons, classification, clinical manifestation, and current treatments of AMD. Finally, neuroprotection in both AMD animal models and patients will be discussed. Neuroprotection 2 Anatomy and function of the retinaThe eye is composed of three layers, which are the inner retina layer, middle vascular choroid layer, and outer fibrous sclera layer, respectively. Retina, the innermost layer of the eye, consists of two parts: the inner transparent neurosensory retina and outer pigmented epithelial layer-the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). There is a potential space between neural retina and RPE, called subretinal space. In the neural retina, the neural cell bodies are situated in three layers (Figure 1), including the outer nuclear layer (ONL) occupied with nuclei of photoreceptors; the inner nuclear layer (INL) filled with nuclei of horizontal, bipolar, and most of the amacrine cells; as well as ganglion cell layer (GCL) containing nuclei of retinal ganglion cells and the rest of displaced amacrine cells. Additionally, axons and dendrites of these retinal neurons constitute two synaptic layers: the inner plexiform layer (IPL) and outer plexiform layer (OPL) [8]. The RPE cells form a continuous polarized cell monolayer with its apical surface adjacent to the outer segment apices of the photoreceptors and its basal aspect lying on supportive substrate Bruch's membrane.Retinal neurons are mainly distributed in three layers: ONL with nuclei of photoreceptors; INL with nuclei of horizontal, bipolar, and most of the amacrine cells; and GCL with nuclei of retinal ganglion cells and the rest of displaced amacrine cells. Additionally, axons and dendrites of these retinal neurons constitute two synaptic layers, including IPL and OPL [8].Photoreceptors are divided into two types: rods, which are dominated in the peripheral retina and responsible for dim light vision and detecting movement and contrast, and cones, which are dominated in the macula, especially the fovea (only cones), and are responsible for bright light vision and sensing color vision Figure 1. Retinal layers of the human eye.Protecting the Aging Retina DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.82330 and resolution. Outer segments of the photoreceptor are generated by the cell body, and the distal parts of outer segments are phagocytosed by RPE every day. There are abundant mitochondria in inner segments to supply energy for these cells with high metabolic rate. Bruch's membrane, where the RPE cells are tightly attached, consists of five la...

show abstract

Exercise and Cyclic Light Preconditioning Protect Against Light-Induced Retinal Degeneration and Evoke Similar Gene Expression Patterns

Cited by 12 publications

References 21 publications

Low-Intensity Exercise in Mice Is Sufficient to Protect Retinal Function During Light-Induced Retinal Degeneration

Low-Intensity Exercise in Mice Is Sufficient to Protect Retinal Function During Light-Induced Retinal Degeneration

Physical exercise and glaucoma: a review on the roles of physical exercise on intraocular pressure control, ocular blood flow regulation, neuroprotection and glaucoma‐related mental health

Protecting the Aging Retina

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About