Exercise alters the profile of phospholipid molecular species in rat skeletal muscle

Abstract

We have determined the effect of two exercise-training intensities on the phospholipid profile of both glycolytic and oxidative muscle fibers of female Sprague-Dawley rats using electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry. Animals were randomly divided into three training groups: control, which performed no exercise training; low-intensity (8 m/min) treadmill running; or high-intensity (28 m/min) treadmill running. All exercise-trained rats ran 1,000 m/session for 4 days/wk for 4 wk and were killed 48 h after the last training bout. Exercise training was found to produce no novel phospholipid species but was associated with significant alterations in the relative abundance of a number of phospholipid molecular species. These changes were more prominent in glycolytic (white vastus lateralis) than in oxidative (red vastus lateralis) muscle fibers. The largest observed change was a decrease of approximately 20% in the abundance of 1-stearoyl-2-docosahexaenoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine [PE(18:0/22:6); P < 0.001] ions in both the low- and high-intensity training regimes in glycolytic fibers. Increases in the abundance of 1-oleoyl-2-linoleoyl phopshatidic acid [PA(18:1/18:2); P < 0.001] and 1-alkenylpalmitoyl-2-linoleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine [plasmenyl PE (16:0/18:2); P < 0.005] ions were also observed for both training regimes in glycolytic fibers. We conclude that exercise training results in a remodeling of phospholipids in rat skeletal muscle. Even though little is known about the physiological or pathophysiological role of specific phospholipid molecular species in skeletal muscle, it is likely that this remodeling will have an impact on a range of cellular functions.

Effect of Swimming Training on the Rectus Abdominis Muscle of rats: Morphological and Histochemical Aspects

“…The diameter of type IIA fibers increased 11% and 9%, respectively, in groups 2x/w and 5x/w. These results corroborate the findings of Mitchell et al (2004), who observed a 20% increase in the oxidative fibers and a reduction in glycolitic fibers in the vastus lateralis muscle of rats in female Sprague-Dawley, which performed no exercise training: low intensity (8m/min) treadmill running; or high-intensity (28m/min) treadmill running.…”

PGC-1α-mediated changes in phospholipid profiles of exercise-trained skeletal muscle

“…For example, Andersson et al ( 4 ) demonstrated that both the distribution of type I fi bers in the skeletal muscle and the estimated physical activity level of humans were positively correlated with the percentage of docosahexaenoic acid [22:6 (n-3)], suggesting a relation between the proportion of docosahexaenoic acid [22:6 (n-3)] in human skeletal muscle phospholipids and the increase in endurance capacity with fi ber type switch from glycolytic to oxidative. In the rat skeletal muscle, exercise increased the amount of PC (18:0/22:6) in EDL ( 11 ), and the content of PE (18:0/22:6) was much higher in red vastus lateralis than in white vastus lateralis ( 9 ). In the present study, we found that among phospholipids containing 22:6 fatty acids, PC (18:0/22:6) and PE (18:0/22:6) were increased by exercise training and overexpression of PGC-1 ␣ in the skeletal muscle.…”

“…They found that PC (16:0/18:2), PC (18:0/22:6), and SM (d18:1/16:0) were chronic exercise training-induced lipids and, in contrast, PC (18:0/20:4) and SM (d18:1/24:1) were high-fat diet-induced lipids. The largest differences were also observed when comparing oxidative and glycolytic muscles, such as a decrease in plasmenyl-PE (16:0/20:4) and an increase in PE (18:0/22:6) in the oxidative muscle ( 9 ). Although evidence has shown that exercise training induces changes in skeletal muscle phospholipid species, it is not fully understood how exercise training induces these changes, or what roles these phospholipids play in the functional changes of exercise-trained skeletal muscle.…”

Photoperiod affects daily torpor and tissue fatty acid composition in deer mice

“…During migration, UFAs are typically more abundant than are SFAs in avian fat stores, and migratory birds given a choice of diets preferred a diet rich in oleic acid (18:1) over a diet rich in stearic acid (18:0) (reviewed in McWilliams et al 2004). In the glycolytic muscles of rats, exercise results in a decrease in membrane phospholipids containing stearic acid (18:0) residues and an increase in phospholipids containing oleic (18:1) and linoleic acid (18:2) residues (Mitchell et al 2004). In the phospholipids of skeletal muscle in hares, another group of extremely active vertebrates, Valencak et al (2003) found the highest proportion of PUFA reported for any mammalian tissue.…”