Exercise alone or combined with dietary supplements for sarcopenic obesity in community-dwelling older people: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials

Martínez‐Amat, Antonio; Aibar-Almazán, Agustín; Fábrega-Cuadros, Raquel; Cruz‐Díaz, David; Jiménez-García, José Daniel; Pérez‐López, Faustino R.; Achalandabaso‐Ochoa, Alexander; Barranco-Zafra, Rafael; Hita‐Contreras, Fidel

doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2018.02.005

Cited by 44 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…Applying exercise intensity peaks in the range corresponding to 60-85% 1RM, high velocity, and RM with intensifying strategies (Gießing, 2008), most determinants responsible for initiating a hypertrophic response (Schoenfeld, 2010) were considered by our protocol. In summary, we observed significant favorable effects on LBM, total and abdominal fat, and lower extremity strength (MILES) that were superior to current studies on sarcopenic/SO cohorts, be it with or without protein supplementation (review in Martinez-Amat et al, 2018;Vlietstra et al, 2018;Hsu et al, 2019). Closest to our study, after 8 months of multiple-set DRT on machines (+whey protein supplementation) applied either two or three times/week, Stec et al (2017) reported LBM changes of 0.4-1.89 kg in older people (60-75 years) with age-related muscle atrophy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…A large number of studies have found positive effects of dynamic resistance exercise training (DRT), with or without nutritional intervention, on body composition and physical fitness in older adults with sarcopenia or sarcopenic obesity (SO; review in Csapo and Alegre, 2016;Liao et al, 2017b;Martinez-Amat et al, 2018;Vlietstra et al, 2018;Beckwee et al, 2019;Hsu et al, 2019). Hereby the majority of exercise trials address fat-free mass, lean body mass (LBM), and muscle strength, while the effects of isolated DRT protocols on total or abdominal body fat are rarely evaluated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, considering the relevance of total and abdominal body fat for cardiometabolic diseases (Amato et al, 2013), particularly in people with low muscle mass (Terada et al, 2017), this topic should be addressed with more emphasis (Lee et al, 2019). Furthermore, the intervention period of studies focusing on people with sarcopenia or SO averages between 10 and 26 weeks (Csapo and Alegre, 2016;Liao et al, 2017b;Martinez-Amat et al, 2018;Vlietstra et al, 2018;Beckwee et al, 2019;Hsu et al, 2019), i.e., periods that do not allow the full determination of DRT effects, particularly on body fat indices. Another problem that hinders the broad implementation of DRT protocols in the community might be the fact that most current DRT protocols focus on time-consuming multiple-set DRT applied three times per week, an approach that collides with the limited enthusiasm of most (older) people to frequently attend exercise classes (Carlson et al, 2010;DESTATIS, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of High-Intensity Resistance Training on Fitness and Fatness in Older Men With Osteosarcopenia

et al. 2020

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To date, there has been no study on the long-term effects of resistance exercise on sarcopenia and obesity indices for people with sarcopenia. The present study thus aimed to determine the effect of 18 months of periodized, high-velocity/intensity/effort progressive resistance training (HIT-RT) on body composition and strength in older men with osteosarcopenia. Using a single-blind, two-group parallel design, 43 community-dwelling men, 72 years and older, with osteopenia and sarcopenia in Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany, were randomly assigned to two study arms by drawing lots: (1) an exercise group that conducted a consistently supervised periodized high-velocity/intensity/effort protocol (HIT-RT; n = 21) on machines twice a week for 18 months or (2) a control group (CG; n = 22) that maintained their physical activity/exercise habits. Both groups were supplied with protein, cholecalciferol, and calcium according to current recommendations. The study outcomes were lean body mass (LBM), total and abdominal body fat as determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and maximum hip/leg extensor strength as assessed on an isokinetic leg press at baseline and after 8, 12, and 18 months of follow-up. The intention-to-treat principle and multiple imputation were applied to calculated study outcomes. After 18 months of HIT-RT, altogether five participants were lost to follow up (HIT-RT: n = 2, CG: n = 3). The attendance rates (95%) for HIT-RT were high; relevant adverse effects were not observed. Significant effects (i.e., differences between HIT-RT vs. CG) in favor of HIT-RT were determined for LBM (+1.73 kg, 95% CI: +1.13 to +2.32 kg), total body fat mass (−2.44 kg, 95% CI: −1.28 to 3.60 kg), abdominal body fat percentage (−2.68, 95% CI: −1.70 to −3.66), and maximum hip/leg extensor strength (+533 N, 95% CI: +397 to +670 N; all p < 0.001). Even after adjusting for multiple testing, all effects remained significant. Of note, after 8 months of HIT-RT, only slight (LBM and fat indices) to moderate (maximum strength) ongoing effects were observed. Carefully introduced, continuously supervised HIT-RT is an effective, attractive, feasible, and safe method to improve body composition and muscle strength in older community-dwelling men with sarcopenia. However, even when consequently applying principles of exercise intensity progression within the RT protocol, only slight further positive changes were observed after 8 months of exercise.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of High-Intensity Resistance Training on Fitness and Fatness in Older Men With Osteosarcopenia

et al. 2020

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“…En la literatura se ha observado una prevalencia muy diversa en poblaciones de AM, fluctuando entre 5 a 13% en personas de 60 a 70 años y entre 11 a 50% en >80 años 22 . En este sentido, la evidencia a relacionado como posible etiología el deterioro del sistema nervioso central y hormonal, estilo de vida sedentario, períodos de invalidez, estados inflamatorios producto de las citoquininas IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α y una predisposición al desbalance entre las fibras musculares tipo I y II 11,23,24,25 . Respecto a estas últimas, se sabe que la composición estructural de las fibras musculares tipo II tienden a disminuir progresivamente con la edad, mientras que las fibras musculares tipo I no presentan ningún cambio y en compensación tienden a aumentar su número, produciendo una disminución de la función muscular y aumento del riesgo de caída presente en gestos como subir escaleras, levantarse de una silla o cruzar una calle 13 .…”

Section: Sarcopeniaunclassified

El rol de la vitamina D en la prevención de caídas en sujetos con sarcopenia parte II: Requerimiento de Vitamina D del adulto mayor

et al. 2020

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Este trabajo fue recibido el 10 de diciembre de 2019. Aceptado con modificaciones: 12 de mayo de 2020. Aceptado para ser publicado: 11 de junio de 2020. RESUMEN El objetivo de esta revisión fue actualizar la evidencia sobre los requerimientos séricos de vitamina D para la prevención del riesgo de caídas en adultos mayores que presentan sarcopenia. La sarcopenia aún no está claramente definida, pero se puede comprender como una disminución de masa, fuerza y función muscular. En adultos mayores, los niveles séricos deficientes de 25-hitroxivitamina D <20 ng/ ml o <50 nmol/l se han vinculado a la pérdida de masa muscular, mientras que un nivel óptimo entre 30 a 150 ng/ ml o 75 a 375 nmol/l se ha asociado a mejoras de la función muscular en la extremidades inferiores. Por otro lado, el estado de toxicidad aguda (>150 ng/ml o 375 nmol/l) es producido por la suplementación de mega dosis de 10.000 UI/día o 300.000 UI/ mensual, mientras que la toxicidad crónica se presenta en niveles séricos entre 50-150 ng/ml o 125-375 nmol/l producto de una dosis >4.000 UI/día. Esta revisión concluye que la vitamina D probablemente no disminuye el riesgo de caídas en adultos mayores. Sin embargo, en aquellos grupos que padecen sarcopenia o hipovitaminosis podrían existir asociaciones no confirmadas y controvertidas.

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“…Currently, there are no approved medications for treating sarcopenic obesity. Reviews seem to suggest that resistance exercise is essential in increasing muscle strength and physical performance parameters of people with sarcopenic obesity, whereas reducing calorie and fat intake positively affect body fat mass [196][197][198][199][200]. Overall, this evidence suggests that dietary interventions in older people should not focus only on increasing muscle strength, but also on optimizing muscle quality and improving muscle performance [72].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Call to Action: Now Is the Time to Screen Elderly and Treat Osteosarcopenia, a Position Paper of the Italian College of Academic Nutritionists MED/49 (ICAN-49)

et al. 2020

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Aging is a risk factor for the development of multiple chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, cancer and dementia. Life expectancy has increased in certain countries but this phenomenon is associated with a reduction of years of healthy life. Aging is associated with a number of physical and functional changes, especially sarcopenia. Sarcopenia is a clinical condition associated with a decrease in skeletal muscle and muscle strength, however, sarcopenia is a reversible condition. On the basis of the current scientific literature, sarcopenia could more appropriately capture an individual’s vulnerability to negative health-related outcomes since it represents an early form of the chronic diseases. Recognition of this clinical condition can improve the management of older individuals in many different clinical settings. Despite the limitations of the indirect methods used to study body composition, the Italian College of the Academic Nutritionists ME/49 recommends that health authorities and health professionals around the world should make a greater effort to diagnose sarcopenia earlier and to manage it more effectively. In line with the development of cancer screening, the use of two diagnostic tools for sarcopenia (BIA and DXA) should be implemented.

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Exercise alone or combined with dietary supplements for sarcopenic obesity in community-dwelling older people: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials

Cited by 44 publications

References 40 publications

Effects of High-Intensity Resistance Training on Fitness and Fatness in Older Men With Osteosarcopenia

Effects of High-Intensity Resistance Training on Fitness and Fatness in Older Men With Osteosarcopenia

El rol de la vitamina D en la prevención de caídas en sujetos con sarcopenia parte II: Requerimiento de Vitamina D del adulto mayor

A Call to Action: Now Is the Time to Screen Elderly and Treat Osteosarcopenia, a Position Paper of the Italian College of Academic Nutritionists MED/49 (ICAN-49)

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