Exercise Adherence in Hispanic Adolescents with Obesity or Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract

Purpose: Hispanic adolescents experience high rates of obesity and type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this study was to examine adherence to a 16-week personalized exercise intervention and the perception of family support for exercise, benefits and barriers to exercise and overall health in Hispanic adolescents diagnosed with obesity or type 2 diabetes. Design and methods: Using a secondary analysis of a larger feasibility trial, data from 21 Hispanic adolescents, 13 with T2D and 8 who were obese and 14 that completed the entire 16-weekstudy (7 T2D;7 obese) were analyzed. Adolescents wore an Actigraph™ accelerometer for tracking exercise throughout the 16-week intervention. Results: The adherence rate for the intervention was 59% for those with T2D and was 88% for those with obesity. Overall perceptions of health improved for those completing the 16-week intervention. Barriers to exercise were negatively associated with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and were higher in those with T2D. Conclusions: Adolescents with T2D were less adherent to their personalized exercise program than those who were obese. Practice implications: Strategies that address cultural preferences and family engagement are needed to address barriers to exercise for Hispanic youth, particularly those already diagnosed with T2D that have high risks for early onset of disease complications.

On the Relationship Between Well-Being and Exercise Adherence for Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Mini Review

“…Seven articles ( Douthitt, 1994 ; Bruner and Spink, 2011 ; Birt et al, 2014 ; Alberga et al, 2019 ; Guerrero et al, 2020 ; Faulkner and Michaliszyn, 2021 ; Sunesson et al, 2021 ) were kept for review and related information is shown in Table 1 . The results summarized below were presented according to the purposes of the current review.…”

“…The participants in the four studies were healthy children and adolescents ( Douthitt, 1994 ; Bruner and Spink, 2011 ; Alberga et al, 2019 ; Guerrero et al, 2020 ). Further, Faulkner’s study explored the children and adolescents with obesity and type 2 diabetes ( Faulkner and Michaliszyn, 2021 ). The qualitative studies all used semi structured interviews, with 19 healthy children and adolescents in Birt’s study and 14 children and adolescents with depression in Sunesson’s study ( Birt et al, 2014 ; Sunesson et al, 2021 ).…”

“…Of the seven studies included, only one examined both individual and social positive psychological factors influencing children and adolescents’ exercise adherence ( Sunesson et al, 2021 ). The remaining studies focused on a single dimension of positive psychological factors influencing exercise adherence in children and adolescents ( Douthitt, 1994 ; Bruner and Spink, 2011 ; Birt et al, 2014 ; Alberga et al, 2019 ; Guerrero et al, 2020 ; Faulkner and Michaliszyn, 2021 ).…”

“…Unfortunately, except that perceived athletic competency and perceived global self-worth were found to be significantly negatively correlated with girls’ exercise adherence, there was no significant correlation between the above individual well-being factors and exercise adherence for children and adolescents. In terms of social well-being factors, including family support for exercise ( Faulkner and Michaliszyn, 2021 ), parental perceived capability to support children’s physical activity and changes in parental support were involved in the study of the relationship between well-being and exercise adherence for children and adolescents ( Guerrero et al, 2020 ). However, only parental perceived capability to support children’s physical activity was shown to be a social well-being factor positively associated with exercise adherence ( Guerrero et al, 2020 ).…”

Factors Associated with Adherence to Clinical Practice Guidelines for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Results of a Spanish Delphi Consensus

“…Although many studies have addressed compliance with metabolic and biochemical targets, blood pressure, healthy diet, physical exercise, or therapeutic recommendations in retrospective and prospective cohorts of subjects with T2DM [ 27 – 30 ], there is little evidence of the physicians' opinions regarding adherence and difficulties for implementing recommendations of CPGs in clinical practice. Several factors have been noted to affect the implementation and adherence to diabetic guidelines, which can be categorized in different major groups, such as factors associated with intrinsic attributes of CPGs themselves, factors related to the implementation process, physician's and patient's related characteristics, and factors related to the organization of the healthcare system [ 24 ].…”