Exemplification in Communication

Zillmann, Dolf; Brosius, Hans‐Bernd

doi:10.4324/9781410604743

Cited by 87 publications

(73 citation statements)

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“…According to Iyengar (1991), news coverage can be framed in a thematic manner, taking a macro perspective, or in an episodic manner, focusing on the role of the individual affected by an issue. Such use of exemplars in news coverage has been observed by several scholars (Semetko & Valkenburg, 2000;Neuman et al, 1992;Zillmann & Brosius, 2000) and connects to research on personalisation of political news (Iyengar, 1991).…”

Section: Four Generic News Framesmentioning

confidence: 81%

Teaching the Computer to Code Frames in News: Comparing Two Supervised Machine Learning Approaches to Frame Analysis

Burscher

Odijk

Vliegenthart

et al. 2014

Communication Methods and Measures

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Section: Four Generic News Framesmentioning

confidence: 81%

Teaching the Computer to Code Frames in News: Comparing Two Supervised Machine Learning Approaches to Frame Analysis

Burscher

Odijk

Vliegenthart

et al. 2014

Communication Methods and Measures

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“…Misrecollections in base-rate information (stemming from both verbal and pictorial exemplars) are meaningful in that they can lead to (a) skewed attitudes and beliefs about issues, (b) misperceptions regarding personal risks, (c) biased perceptions of blame and responsibility (e.g., Gibson & Zillmann, 2000;Zillmann & Brosius, 2000), and (d) exaggerated belief in the media's power to influence public opinion (Arpan, 2009). …”

Section: Exemplification Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…news story contains more than nine exemplars, constituting about 44% of the total length of the story (Zillmann & Brosius, 2000). The prevalence of exemplars in news media is not surprising considering that these concrete stories and images allow journalists to explain complex and abstract issues in lay terms, increase the audience's attention, and enhance the public's comprehension and retention of the messages (e.g., Sadoski, 2001).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Along with these desired outcomes, however, exemplars may also promote distorted perceptions of the issue being presented. Regardless of the exemplars' actual representativeness, they tend to drive receivers' judgments on the issue (Zillmann & Brosius, 2000). Consequently, exemplars may exert an influence even more dominant than statistical information explicitly stated in the text (e.g., Gibson & Zillmann, 1998).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

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Is a Picture Worth a Thousand Words? The Effect of Race-Related Visual and Verbal Exemplars on Attitudes and Support for Social Policies

Tukachinsky¹,

Mastro²,

King³

2011

Mass Communication and Society

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The present study experimentally assesses the relative influence of visual and verbal exemplars on news readers' judgments regarding use of emergency room health care services by undocumented immigrants and uninsured U.S. citizens. Assumptions from exemplification theory and theories of information processing guided the investigation. A series of two studies found that pictures and personal stories have comparable effects on perceptions of and attitudes about the issue. Furthermore, conflicting personal stories and pictures embedded in the same news item nullify each other's effect.Exemplars, such as personal stories, testimonials, and pictorial illustrations, are highly common in the news. One analysis revealed that the average print Riva Tukachinsky (M.A., University of Haifa, 2006) is a Ph.D. Candidate in the Department of Communication at University of Arizona. Her research interests include cognitive and affective processes underlying media effects. Dana Mastro (Ph.D., Michigan State University, 2000) is an Associate Professor in the Department of Communication at the University of Arizona. Her research examines the role of media exposure in racial=ethnic stereotyping and a variety of intergroup outcomes. Aimee King (M.A., University of Arizona, 2008) is a Lecturer in the Department of Communication at University of Arizona. Her research interests include the psychological and behavioral impacts of media on interpersonal communication.Correspondence should be addressed to Riva Tukachinsky,

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“…According to Iyengar [102], news coverage can be framed in a thematic manner, taking a macro perspective, or in an episodic manner, focusing on the role of the individual concerned by an issue. Such use of exemplars in news coverage has been observed by several scholars [154,197,235] and connects to research on personalization of political news [102]. 24 …”

Section: Studying News In the Social Sciencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Context & Semantics in News & Web Search

Odijk

2016

SIGIR Forum

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This thesis presents research towards a core aim of information retrieval (IR): providing users with easy access to information. Three research themes guide the research presented in this thesis, contributing to three aspects of IR research: the domain in which an IR system is used, the users interacting with the system, and the different access scenarios in which these users engage with an IR system. Central to these research themes is the aim to gain insights into the behavior of searchers and develop algorithms to support them in their quest, whether it is a researcher exploring or studying a large collection, a web searcher struggling to find something, or a television viewer searching for related content. The first research theme is motivated by the information seeking tasks of researchers exploring and studying large collections. To enable their search on a larger scale, we propose computational methods to connect collections and to infer the perspective offered in a news story. Motivated by how historians select documents for close reading, we propose novel methods for connecting collections using automatically extracted temporal references. To illustrate how these algorithms can be used to automatically create connections between collections, we introduce a novel search interface to explore and analyze the connected collections. The interface highlights different perspectives and requires little domain knowledge. Based on how communication scientists study framing in news, we propose an automatic thematic content analysis approach. The second research theme is addressed in a mixed-methods study on how web searchers behave when they cannot find what they are looking for. Based on large-scale log analysis, crowd-sourced labeling, and predictive modeling we show behavioral differences given task success and failure. Based on these findings we propose ways in which systems can reduce struggling in search. To support searchers, we propose and evaluate algorithms that accurately predict the nature of future actions and their anticipated impact on search outcomes. Our findings have implications for the design of search systems that help searchers struggle less and succeed more. In the third and final research theme, we consider a pro-active search scenario, specifically in a live television setting. We propose algorithms that leverage contextual information to retrieve diverse related content for a leaned-back TV viewer. While watching television, people increasingly consume additional content related to what they are watching. Two methods to automatically retrieve content based on subtitles are introduced, one using entity linking, and one that uses reinforcement learning to generate effective queries for finding related content. Both methods are highly efficient and are currently used in a live television setting in near real time. Each research chapter in this thesis provides insights and algorithms that help searchers when using IR applications. For varying domains, users, and access scenarios, the research presented in this thesis improves the ease of access to information.

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Exemplification in Communication

Cited by 87 publications

References 0 publications

Teaching the Computer to Code Frames in News: Comparing Two Supervised Machine Learning Approaches to Frame Analysis

Teaching the Computer to Code Frames in News: Comparing Two Supervised Machine Learning Approaches to Frame Analysis

Is a Picture Worth a Thousand Words? The Effect of Race-Related Visual and Verbal Exemplars on Attitudes and Support for Social Policies

Context & Semantics in News & Web Search

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