Executive summary and conclusions from the European Hydration Institute expert conference on human hydration, health, and performance

Benton, David; Braun, Hayley; Cobo, Javier; Edmonds, Casey; Elmadfa, Ibrahim; El‐Sharkawy, Ahmed M.; Feehally, John; Gellert, Ryszard; Holdsworth, Jason K.; Kapsokefalou, Maria; Kenney, W. L.; Leiper, J. B.; MacDonald, Iona; Maffeis, Claudio; Maughan, Ron; Shirreffs, Susan M.; Tóth-Heyn, Péter; Watson, Phillip

doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuv056

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Given that the average exercise-induced fluid shift in the current study was subtle (~1.1%, with only 5 trials inducing weight loss at levels consistent with impacts on cognitive function and mood (i.e. >2%) (Benton et al, 2015)), the capacity of recovery stations to influence acute post-exercise fluid intake and recovery when larger (more) fluid shifts occur and when these warrants further consideration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

A Nutrition Recovery Station Following Recreational Exercise Improves Fruit Consumption but Does Not Influence Fluid Recovery

Desbrow¹,

Barnes²,

Young³

et al. 2017

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

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Immediate postexercise access to fruit/fluid via a recovery "station" is a common feature of mass participation sporting events. Yet little evidence exists examining their impact on subsequent dietary intake. The aim of this study was to determine if access to fruit/water/sports drinks within a recovery station significantly alters dietary and fluid intakes in the immediate postexercise period and influences hydration status the next morning. 127 (79 males) healthy participants (M ± SD, age = 22.5 ± 3.5y, body mass (BM) = 73 ± 13kg) completed two self-paced morning 10km runs separated by 1 week. Immediately following the first run, participants were randomly assigned to enter (or not) the recovery station for 30min. All participants completed the alternate recovery option the following week. Participants recorded BM before and after exercise and measured Urine Specific Gravity (U) before running and again the following morning. For both trial days, participants also completed 24h food and fluid records via a food diary that included photographs. Paired-sample t tests were used to assess differences in hydration and dietary outcome variables (Recovery vs. No Recovery). No difference in preexercise U or BM change from exercise were observed between treatments (p's > .05). Attending the recovery zone resulted in a greater total daily fluid (Recovery = 3.37 ± 1.46L, No Recovery = 3.16 ± 1.32L, p = .009) and fruit intake (Recovery = 2.37 ± 1.76 servings, No Recovery = 1.55 ± 1.61 servings, p > .001), but had no influence on daily total energy (Recovery = 10.15 ± 4.2MJ, No Recovery = 10.15 ± 3.9MJ), or macronutrient intakes (p > .05). Next morning U values were not different between treatments (Recovery = 1.018 ± 0.007, No Recovery = 1.019 ± 0.009, p > .05). Recovery stations provide an opportunity to modify dietary intake which promote positive lifestyle behaviors in recreational athletes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

A Nutrition Recovery Station Following Recreational Exercise Improves Fruit Consumption but Does Not Influence Fluid Recovery

Desbrow¹,

Barnes²,

Young³

et al. 2017

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

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“…However, at that time the assumption that transient mild hypo-hydration had few consequences had been subject to little experimentation, although subsequently evidence has accumulated that minor reductions in hydration have adverse consequences [4,18]. It is not surprising that the adverse effects have been found to be psychological in nature, as it has been argued that the first signs of subclinical nutrient deficiency are typically psychological [38]. As psychological responses are the result of the summated influence of many millions of biochemical processes, even a small reduction in efficiency can have a cumulative effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Hypo-Hydration on Mood and Cognition is Influenced by Electrolyte in a Drink and Its Colour: A Randomised Trial

Cousins¹,

Young²,

Thomas³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Traditionally it has been thought necessary to lose 2% of body mass due to dehydration, before functioning is disrupted, although recently adverse effects have been reported with a loss of 0.5-0.7%. It is, however, unclear whether the response to small decreases in mass reflects dehydration, mechanisms that help to adapt to a loss of bodily fluid, or a placebo effect. Individuals were therefore subject to a temperature of 30°C for three hours, and mood and cognition monitored. To explore the possibility of a placebo response, the consumption of plain or coloured water was compared. To consider changes in hydration status, drinks known to differ in their ability to rehydrate were contrasted. Not drinking was disruptive, although a combination of plain water and electrolyte’s most effectively prevented a decline in functioning, indicating a role for rehydration after a loss of 0.52% body mass. There was, however, also evidence of a placebo response: a combination of plain water and electrolytes was better able to prevent a decline in functioning than coloured plain water and electrolytes. As increased anxiety was a robust response, it was discussed whether the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system might be part of the mechanism.

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“…The euhydrated state was shown to attenuate thermal, physiological and perceptual strain (Ersoy et al, 2016;Maughan & Shirreffs, 2008). Conversely, improper hydration strategies before, during, and after sport activity not only can impair athletic performance (Cheuvront et al, 2005;Maughan & Shirreffs, 2010), but may also adversely impact athletes' health (Benton et al, 2015;Siegel, 2015). Specifically, an improper hydration status was associated with development of hyperthermia, increased heart rate, increased glycogen use, and increased rate of perceived exertion (Logan-Sprenger et al, 2015;Périard et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in hydration status among adolescent elite soccer players

Francescato¹,

Venuto²,

Stella³

et al. 2019

jhse

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Hydration of athletes may affect performance and health status likely with differences among sexes. We studied the impact of sex on hydration behaviour in adolescent athletes. Hydration status and urine markers were investigated in 7 female and 7 male elite 16 years-old soccer players in temperate climate (21-24°C). Participants consumed water ad libitum during the first training session (LIB), whereas in the second session (HYD) they drunk a water amount matching 70% of sweat loss from the LIB session. Post-training performances were evaluated by Yo-Yo intermittent recovery level 1 (IR1) test and countermovement jump (CMJ). Body mass values were recorded and urine samples were collected before and after each experimental session. Males drunk a double amount of water in HYD (1.19±0.21 kg) compared to LIB (0.62±0.19 kg; p=0.001; ES=2.88), resulting in a lower percentage body mass loss (HYD -0.95±0.63% versus LIB -1.59±0.33%; p=0.044; ES=-1.35); total distance of Yo-Yo IR1 was higher, albeit not significantly, in HYD (2953±779 m) than in LIB (2103±939 m); CMJ performance was unchanged. In females, water drunk, body mass, Yo-Yo IR1 and CMJ did not vary in HYD versus LIB sessions. In adolescent males a 70% sweat replacement personalized hydration regimen reduced body mass loss and tended to improve performance, whereas in females ad libitum water drinking allowed to maintain hydration status (<1% body mass loss). Our results suggest that coaches and athletes themselves should consider a personalized hydration regimen for adolescent male soccer players, whereas ad libitum drinking seems suitable for females.

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Executive summary and conclusions from the European Hydration Institute expert conference on human hydration, health, and performance

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

A Nutrition Recovery Station Following Recreational Exercise Improves Fruit Consumption but Does Not Influence Fluid Recovery

A Nutrition Recovery Station Following Recreational Exercise Improves Fruit Consumption but Does Not Influence Fluid Recovery

The Effect of Hypo-Hydration on Mood and Cognition is Influenced by Electrolyte in a Drink and Its Colour: A Randomised Trial

Sex differences in hydration status among adolescent elite soccer players

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